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1000 Atkins Recipes

2008-06-11T03:40:00.000-07:00

The Ultimate Bread Machine Cookbook

2008-06-11T03:38:00.000-07:00

The Ultimate
Bread Machine
Cookbook
100% Crunch Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 POUND LOAF-----
3/4 cup Water -- plus
1 tablespoon Water
2 cups Wheat flour
1 teaspoon Salt
4 teaspoons Honey
4 teaspoons Molasses
2 teaspoons Gluten
4 teaspoons Olive oil
1/2 cup Seeds (any kind)
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
Follow manufacturers directions.
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100% Stone Ground Whole Wheat Bread
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Fat-Free Breads
Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3 cups 100% Whole Wheat Flour-level
3/8 cup Wheat gluten flour-level
1 1/2 cups Water at 110 degrees
3 tablespoons Honey
4 teaspoons Active dry yeast
2 teaspoons Salt-heaping
Mix in separate bowl, flour, gluten flour and salt.
Pour water into bread pan. It is important to use thermometer
and that the water be 110 degrees.
Sprinkle yeast into the water. Stir with wooden spoon until yeast is
thoroughly
dissolved.
Add honey. Stir with wooden spoon until honey is thoroughly dissvoled.
Add flour mixtures. Gently stir in each corner of pan to help mix
mixture.
Place container in bread machine. Put on Bread menu (medium or light).
Bread
freezes well.
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100% Whole Wheat Bread for Bread Machine
Serving Size : 8 Preparation Time :0:00
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Categories : Abm Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----REGULAR LOAF-----
1 cup Water
2 1/2 cups Wheat bread flour
1 1/4 tablespoons Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 tablespoons Butter
1 1/4 tablespoons Honey
1 tablespoon Gluten
2 teaspoons Molasses
1 1/2 teaspoons Fast-Rise yeast *** OR ***
2 teaspoons Active-Dry yeast
-----LARGE LOAF-----
1 1/2 cups + 2 tb Water
3 3/4 cups Wheat bread flour
2 tablespoons Dry milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Butter
2 tablespoons Honey
1 1/2 tablespoons Gluten
1 tablespoon Molasses
2 1/8 teaspoons Fast-Rise yeast *** OR ***
3 teaspoons Active-Dry yeast
The trick to making 100% whole wheat bread in your machine is an extra
knead,
which gives the yeast and gluten a second chance to create a lighter
loaf.
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When your first knead cycle is completed, simply reset the machine and
start again.
Some manufacturers produce home bakeries with a whole wheat cycle;
if your machine doesn't have one, this start- again method works as an
easy
alternative.
SUCCESS HINTS:
The gluten gives the whole wheat flour the structure necessary for a
good loaf.
If your market doesn't stock wheat gluten, try your local health food
store.
Remember the extra knead. It's especially important in 100% whole wheat
bread.
Because of the extra knead, use this recipe only on the regular bake
cycle.
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50% Whole Wheat Bread
Serving Size : 22 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----INGREDIENTS-----
1 2/3 cups Whole wheat flour (8 oz)
1 2/3 cups Bread Flour (8 oz)
1 1/2 tablespoons Milk -- dry powder
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
1 1/2 tablespoons Butter or Oil
1 1/2 tablespoons Molasses
1 3/8 6 c Water (11-1/2 oz)
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1 1/2 teaspoons Dry yeast
DIRECTIONS:
Place ingredients in pan according to instructions with your machine.
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7-Grain Bread (Machine)
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 teaspoons Dry yeast
1 1/2 cups Whole wheat flour
1 cup Bread flour
1 teaspoon Salt
1/2 cup Crumbled 7-grain cereal
Flakes
3 tablespoons Nonfat dry milk
1 tablespoon Unsweetened cocoa powder
2 tablespoons Butter/margarine
1/8 cup Dark molasses
1 cup Plus 3 T plus 2 t warm
(105ø-115ø) water
Add ingredients in the order listed.
All ingredients must be at room temperature, unless otherwise noted.
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Select whole grain and baking control for light. Press start.
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ABM Anadama Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 teaspoons yeast
2 1/2 cups bread flour
1/2 cup whole-wheat flour
1/3 cup cornmeal
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
4 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder
2 tablespoons unsalted butter
1 1/4 cups water
3 tablespoons molasses
1 teaspoon lemon juice
Use basic cycle. Press Start Do not use on delay timer as water will be
absorbed.
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Absolutely Apricot Bread (Machine) - Regular Loaf
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
3 tablespoons Apricot jam
1/2 cup Dried apricots -- chopped
1 teaspoon Yeast -- fast rise or machine
or -
3 teaspoons Yeast -- active dry
This is bread with the jam alread inside!
It's a coffee bread, a snack bread or the perfect after-school bread.
The finely textured sweet bread also happens to be lovely,
with the summery orange apricots floting in the golden loaf.
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Airy White Bread. Abm
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/4 cups Milk
2 teaspoons Shortening
3 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
3/4 teaspoon Salt
1 teaspoon Yeast
Add ingredients to machine according to manufacturer's directions.
This is the best loaf of light, airy bread that I have made in my ABM.
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Almond Oatmeal Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2/3 cup Milk
1 1/4 tablespoons Applesauce
1 tablespoon Almond Paste
1 teaspoon Almond Extract
1 teaspoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
2/3 cup Oats
1 1/3 cups Bread Flour
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1 teaspoon Yeast
Place in breadmaker. Push start
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Aloha Loaf
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : 1Bread
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1-1/2 LB LOAF-----
1 cup Milk + 2 tbls
1/3 cup Macadamias -- toasted
1 tablespoon Butter or margarine
1/3 cup Coconut -- toasted
3/4 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Sugar
3 cups Bread flour
2 teaspoons Bread machine yeast
1/3 cup Candied pineapple -- chopped
Add ingredients according to manufacturers directions, adding candied
pineapple,
nuts and coconut with flour.
For machines with glass domes, cover dome (NOT VENTS!) with foil while
baking to
ensure complete baking.
Basic/white bread cycle. Light color setting.
NOTE: To toast coconut, spread in thin layer in shallow baking pan.
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Bake at 350~ for 5-10 minutes or until light brown, stirring frequently.
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American Garlic & Parsley Bread - Machine
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
3 cups Bread flour
3 tablespoons Wheat germ
3 tablespoons Wheat bran
1 3/4 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Sugar
2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
2 Garlic cloves -- minced
3 tablespoons Chopped fresh parsley
1 1/4 cups Water
Add all ingredients in the order suggested by your bread machine manua
l and process on the basic bread cycle according to the manufacturer's
directions.
use White bread setting.
Let the loaf cool before slicing. Serve plain or toasted.
"This is good bread for a steak sandwich, French dip roast beef,
or a grilled mozzarella cheese and tomato sandwich.
Baking the garlic right in the bread lightens the garlic flavor.
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If this is not a strong enough garlic statement for you, add another
clove."
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Amish Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Sandwiches
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 LB LOAF----- -- D
1 cup WATER + 1 T
4 tablespoons Olive oil
3 tablespoons Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
3 1/4 cups flour
2 teaspoons Yeast
3 teaspoons Vital wheat gluten
-----1 LB LOAF-----
6 ounces WATER
2 1/2 tablespoons Olive oil
2 tablespoons Sugar
1/2 teaspoon Salt
2 cups flour + 2 T
1 teaspoon Yeast
2 teaspoons Vital wheat gluten
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Place ingredients into BM pan according to your machine's directions.
Bake on regular cycle. light setting.
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Anadama Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----FOR 1-1/2 LB. LOAF-----
1 package Yeast
3 1/2 cups Bread flour
1/3 cup Yellow cornmeal
1 1/2 cups Boiling water
1/3 cup Molasses
1 teaspoon Salt
2 teaspoons Butter
Place cornmeal into a bowl. Carefully pour boiling water into cornmeal,
stirring to make sure it is smooth. Let stand for about 30 minutes.
Stir in molasses, salt and butter. Place yeast into the B/M pan,
bread flour, then cornmeal mixture. Select white bread and push start.
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Apple Carrot Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/8 cups Apple juice
1/3 cup Carrots -- grated
1 1/2 Eggs
2 1/3 tablespoons Maple syrup -=OR=- honey
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1/3 teaspoon Cinnamon
1 1/2 tablespoons Vital gluten -- to 3 tbls
3/4 cup Oat -=OR=- wheat flakes
3 cups Whole wheat flour
2 teaspoons Yeast
1/3 cup Dried apples
1/3 cup Nuts -- chopped (opt)
Add ingredients according to manufacturer's directions.
Medium color setting. Add nuts and apples at the beep. Makes 1-1/2 lb
loaf.
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Apple Cinnamon Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
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Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----SMALL-----
1/2 cup -- water
2 1/2 tablespoons Apple juice concentrate
1/4 cup Applesauce
1/2 teaspoon Cinnamon
2 teaspoons Sugar -- brown
1/4 teaspoon -- salt
1 cup Flour -- whole wheat
1 1/2 tablespoons Vital gluten -- optional
1 cup Flour -- bread
1 teaspoon Yeast
-----MEDIUM-----
3/4 cup -- water
3 3/4 tablespoons Apple juice cocentrate
1/3 cup Applesauce
3/4 teaspoon Cinnamon
1 tablespoon Sugar -- brown
1/3 teaspoon -- salt
1 1/2 cups Flour -- whole wheat
2 tablespoons Vital gluten -- optional
1 1/2 cups Flour -- bread
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
-----LARGE-----
1 cup -- water
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5 tablespoons Apple juice concentrate
1/2 cup Applesauce
1 teaspoon Cinnamon
1 1/3 tablespoons Sugar -- brown
1/2 teaspoon -- salt
2 cups Flour -- whole wheat
3 tablespoons Vital gluten
2 cups Flour -- bread
2 teaspoons Yeast
. Definitely use the vital gluten as it rises much better. I use frozen
apple juice
concentrate.
You could also add raisins or chopped apples, either fresh or dried, or
even nuts
might be nice.
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Apple Cranberry Nut Bread
Serving Size : 20 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Holidays
Appetizers/Dips
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----INGREDIENTS-----
8 ounces Bread Flour
8 ounces Whole Wheat Flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Sugar -- white or brown
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1 teaspoon Cinnamon
1 teaspoon Nutmeg
2/3 cup Applesauce
1/2 cup Applejuice
(or Orange Juice)
1/3 cup Dried cranberries
1 ounce Chopped walnuts
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
DIRECTIONS:
Add ingredients to baking pan in order given..
Bake on basic/light mode (4 hour).
Drop in cranberries which have been coated with the cinnamon and nutmeg
after first
knead.
Add yeast to dispenser.
Created for Panasonic 65P. Adjust as needed for other machines.
Makes a nice loaf for holiday giving or serving.
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Apple Oatmeal Bread with Raisins
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 POUND LOAF-----
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1/2 cup Old-fashioned rolled oats
5/8 cup -Water -- (for Welbilt
add 2 Tb. more water)
1/2 cup Unsweetened applesauce
2 3/4 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Brown sugar
1 1/2 tablespoons Nonfat dry milk powder
1 1/2 tablespoons Butter or margarine
1/2 cup Raisins
2 teaspoons Ground cinnamon
2 teaspoons Red Star active dry yeast
1. Place all ingredients in bread pan. Select Light Crust setting, and
press Start.
2. After the baking cycle ends, remove bread from pan, place on cake
rack,
and allow to cool 1 hour before slicing.
Very moist and delicious bread!
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Apple Onion Rye
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories :
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 Tsp Active Dry Yeast
1 3/4 C Bread Flour -- + 2 Tbs
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1 1/2 C Rye Flour
1/3 C Cracked Wheat
1 1/2 Tbsp Sugar
1 1/2 Tsp Salt
1 1/2 Tsp Caraway Seed
2 Garlic Cloves -- minced
1 Med Onion -- minced
1 Lg Apple -- chopped
3 Tbsp Unsalted Butter
1/2 C Water
Add all ingredients in the order suggested by your ABM manual and
process
on the basic bread cycle according to manufacturer's directions. Let the
loaf cool completely before slicing.
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Applesauce Bread.
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Fruits
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup Buttermilk
1/3 cup Applesauce
1 tablespoon Butter
1 teaspoon Cinnamon.
1/4 teaspoon Salt
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3 cups Bread flour
2 tablespoons Brown sugar
2 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
Follow manufacturers directions
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Apricot Spice Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Fruits
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 LB. LOAF-----
1/2 cup Dried apricots
1/2 cup Water
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Sea salt
1/4 teaspoon Ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon Ground anise seed
1/2 teaspoon Ground allspice
3/8 cup To 1/2 cup apricot nectar
1 tablespoon Canola, safflower -- or
oil
1 tablespoon Honey
2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
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-----1 1/2 LB. LOAF-----
2/3 cup Dried apricots
2/3 cup Water
3 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 tablespoons Dry milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Sea salt
1/2 teaspoon Ground cinnamon
3/4 teaspoon Ground anise seed
3/4 teaspoon Ground allspice
1/2 cup To 3/4 cup apricot nectar
2 tablespoons Canola, safflower -- or
oil
2 tablespoons Honey
1 package Active dry yeast
1. Place the apricots and water in a small saucepan and bring to a boil.
Remove from the heat and allow to steep for 5 minutes. Drain the
apricots,
RESERVING the liquid, and spread them out on a double thickness of
paper towels.
Allow the apricots and the liquid to cool to room temperature.
2. Place all ingredients in machine according to manufacturers
directions - EXCEPT
APRICOTS.
Measure the reserved cooking liquid andd add enough apricot nectar
to measure 5/8 cup for the 1 lb. loaf and 7/8 cup for the 1 1/2 lb.
loaf.
3. Program the breadmaker for the whole wheat mode and press start.
4. At the end of the mixing cycle and just before the kneading cycle
begins ,
fiinely chop the cooled apricots and add them to the dough.
5. Remove bread at the end of the baking cycle promptly.
Allow to cool completely before slicing or wrapping for storage.
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Austrian Bread
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Bread Machine
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/2 Tsp Active Dry Yeast
1 1/3 C Bread Flour
2/3 C Rye Flour
1/3 C Wheat Germ
2 Tbsp Gluten Flour, 100%
1 Tsp Salt
1/4 Tsp Ground Allspice
1/4 Tsp Rosemary
1/2 tbsp Oil
3 tbsp Fruit Concentrate -- or honey
1 C Water -- + 1 T if at high
-- altitude
use white bread setting, light
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Avery Island Hot Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup Red peppers -- coarsely
sauted in
3 tablespoons Olive oil or chili oil
1 tablespoon Chopped garlic
1 tablespoon Chopped canned chiles
1/2 cup Sour cream
1/3 cup Cheddar cheese -- fresh grated
1 Extra-large egg
1 tablespoon Regular honey or chili honey
1/4 cup Pepper-flavored vodka (or -- regular)
2 teaspoons Salt
10 drops Tabasco sauce
1/2 teaspoon Ground coriander
1 cup Cornmeal
2 cups Unbleached white flour
1 tablespoon Yeast
Have all the ingredients at room temperature
(even though the machine doesn't specify this, for this recipe it is
necessary).
Place all the ingredients in the machine, program for White Bread.
This jump-in-your-mouth loaf stars one of our all-time favorite
condiments--Tabasco
sauce,
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which is made only one place in this country, Avery Island, Louisiana.
Accept no substitutes if you want the authentic version of this bread.
The other special ingredients are chili honey, which is available by
mail order,
and pepper-flavored vodka, which is readily available in liquor stores.
You may substitute regular vodka if you wish.
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Babka (With Variations)
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----2-Cup Capacity-----
2 1/2 Tsp Active Dry Yeast
3 1/2 C All-Purpose Flour
1/2 Tsp Salt
2 Tbsp Granulated Sugar
2 Tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1 C Milk (Plus 2 Tbs)
2 Lg Eggs
1/2 tsp Vanilla Extract
-----Cinnamon Sugar Filling-----
2 tbsp Unsalted Butter -- softened
1/4 C Granulated Sugar
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1 tsp Ground Cinnamon
-----Crumb Topping-----
1 tbsp Unsalted Butter -- softened
2 tbsp Granulated Sugar
2 tbsp All-Purpose Flour
2 pinches Ground Cinnamon
-----Egg Wash-----
1 lg Egg White Beaten With 1 Tsp Water
-----Chocolate Babka Filling-----
1/4 C Unsweetened Cocoa Powder
1/2 C Granulated Sugar
1/4 C Unsalted Butter -- melted
1/3 C Pecans -- coarsely chopped
-----Cheese Babka Filling-----
8 oz Farmer Cheese
2 tbsp Granulated Sugar
1 tbsp All-Purpose Flour
1 lg Egg Yolk
2 tsp Orange Zest -- grated
1/4 C Dark Raisins
-----3-Cup Capacity-----
Same As For 2-Cup Capacity
Machine Procedure: All ingredients must be at room temperature, unless
otherwise noted. Add ingredients, except for filling, crumb topping, and
egg wash, in the order specified in your ABM manual. Set ABM on
dough/manual setting. At the end of program, press clear/stop. To punch
dough down, press start and let knead for 60 secs. Press clear/stop
again.
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Remove dough and let rest 5 mins before hand-shaping.
If your ABM does not have a dough/manual setting, follow normal bread
making procedure but let dough knead only once. At the end of the
kneading
cycle, press clear/stop. Let dough rise for 60 mins, checking after the
first 30 mins. to make sure dough does not overrise and touch the lid.
Press start and let machine run for 60 secs to punch dough down. Press
clear/stop. Remove dough and let rest 5 mins before hand-shaping.
Hand-Shaping Technique: While the dough is rising, prepare your filling
of
choice by blending ingredients together with a fork until crumbly. To
make
crumb topping, blend all ingredients together with a fork until crumbly.
Chill both until ready to use. Lightly grease a 4 1/2 x 8 1/2-inch loaf
pan. On a lightly floured work surface, roll the dough into a 10- x
20-inch rectangle. Cover with filling up to 1 inch from edges. Roll up
lengthwise, jelly-roll fashion. Pinch seam and ends securely to gether
so
they do not open during baking. Carefully place babka in prepared pan.
Fold ends under and shape into an S so that it fits in pan. Cover with a
clean kitchen cloth and let rise until doubled in size.
Preheat oven to 350 F. Form a crease in the top of the risen babka with
the side of your hand. Brush with egg wash and cover with crumb topping.
Bake approximately 30 to 35 mins, or until golden. If babka begins to
brown too quickly, cover top with foil. Remove from pan and cool on a
wire
rack.
CHOCOLATE BABKA FILLING: Blend together unsweetened cocoa and sugar.
Brush
surface with melted butter. Sprinkle with cocoa-sugar mixture and
pecans.
CHEESE BABKA FILLING: Blend together all the ingredients but raisins.
After spreading the cheese filling on the babka, sprinkle with raisins.
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Bailey's Irish Cream Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Irish Abm
Low Fat Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/4 cups Water -- very warm
1 package Yeast
1 cup Oats
3 cups Bread flour
1 teaspoon Salt
1/3 cup Honey
2 tablespoons Bailey's irish cream -- or to
t Put ingredients in pan in order listed, Select "white bread" setting
on machine
and press Start.
The bread doesn't rise much, but the texture is great.
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Baked Potato Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1/2 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1/4 cup Sour cream
1 1/2 tablespoons Instant potato flakes
1 1/2 tablespoons Bacon bits
1 1/2 tablespoons Chives
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
*** This dough will be very dry. Resist the urge to add water.
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Banana Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Fruits
Mrs. G
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Buttermilk
1/3 cup Banana -- mashed
1 1/2 Eggs
1 1/2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
3 tablespoons Honey
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1/3 teaspoon Salt
1/3 teaspoon Cinnamon
1/3 teaspoon Baking soda
1 1/2 tablespoons Vital gluten -- to 3 tbls
2 1/4 cups Whole wheat flour
3/4 cup Oats
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Add ingredients according to manufacturer's directions
. Medium color setting. Makes 1-1/2 lb loaf.
NOTE: Watch the dough as the banana may affect the moisture.
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Banana Coconut Nut Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Fruits
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Banana -- mashed
3/4 cup Buttermilk
1 1/2 Eggs
3 tablespoons Sugar
1/2 teaspoon Baking soda
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1/3 cup Coconut
1 1/2 tablespoons Vital gluten -- to 3 tbls
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3 2/3 cups Whole wheat flour
2 teaspoons Yeast
1/2 cup Nuts -- chopped
Add ingredients according to manufacturer's directions. Medium color
setting.
Makes 1-1/2 lb loaf. Add nuts at the beep.
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Banana Split Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3 cups Better for Bread flour
2 tablespoons Gluten
2 tablespoons Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1/8 teaspoon Baking soda
1/3 cup Instant nonfat dry milk
1/3 cup Walnuts -- broken
1 Egg
2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
1 teaspoon Vanilla
4 ounces Banana -- 1 med/sliced
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10 Strawberries -- froz/thawed
1/3 cup Crushed pineapple -- drained
1/3 cup Pineapple juice -- from
1/2 cup Chocolate chips
4 cups Maraschino cherries -- drained/
Place all ingredients (EXCEPT CHOCOLATE CHIPS AND CHERRIES)
into the inner pan in the order listed; select white bread and push
"Start."
Add the chips and cherries when the Auto Bakery "beeps," 88 minutes
into the cycle
. (33 min. with DAK Turbo II) Delightful whether eaten fresh, chilled
or toasted
, this soda fountain special is even more spectacular when spread with
cream cheese
blended with minced maraschinos and their liquid.
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Beer Bacon Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-1 1/2 LB LOAF---------------------------
3/4 c Flat beer
1/2 c Water
1/4 c Chopped green onions
2 tb Mustard
1 tb Butter or margarine
3 1/4 c Bread flour
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1 tb Sugar
3/4 ts Salt
1 3/4 ts Yeast
1/3 c Crumbed cooked bacon
MMMMM-------------------------2 LB -- €
LOAF------------------------------
3/4 c Flat beer
2/3 c Water
1/4 c Chopped green onions
2 tb Mustard
4 1/4 c Bread flour
1 tb Sugar
1 t Salt
1 1/2 ts Yeast*
1/2 c Crumbed cooked bacon
Put all ingredients in the bread maker except bacon. Add bacon at the
raisin/nut signal or 5 to 10 minutes before last kneading cycle ends.
Select basic/white cycle and use medium or light crust colour. Do
not use delay cycles. Yeast amount though proportionately less than
called for in the smaller loaf.
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Beer Cheese Bread (Eddy)
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Serving Size : 16 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
10 ounces Beer -- flat
4 ounces American cheese
4 ounces Jack cheese -- cut in 1/4" cu
Warm beer and American cheese over low heat on top of stove or in
microwave.
Cheese doesn't need to melt completely. STIR. Add all ingredients in
the orde
r listed if you are using a home type automatic baking machine.
You'll want to start making your second batch before you taste the
first loaf...
you'll want more, soon, like yesterday
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Berry Bread for All Abm's
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2/3 cup Raspberries
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1 tablespoon Vegetable oil
2 1/2 tablespoons Raspberry syrup
1/3 teaspoon Salt
1 cup Whole wheat flour
1 cup Bread flour
1 teaspoon Yeast
-----ABM NO. 2-----
1 cup Raspberries
1 1/2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
3 3/4 tablespoons Raspberry syrup
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 cups Whole wheat flour
1 1/2 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
-----ABM NO. 3-----
1 1/3 cups Raspberries
2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
5 tablespoons Raspberry syrup
2/3 teaspoon Salt
2 cups Whole wheat flour
2 cups Bread flour
2 teaspoons Yeast
Use Raisin bread cycle. At the beep, add 1/4 (1/3) (1/2) cup chopped
walnuts or
pecans, if desired.
If using Panasonic/National machine, add nuts following first kneading;
if using
Maxim or Mister Loaf
, add at the beginning. If using Welbilt ABM 100, DAK, or Mister Loaf,
use Sweet
bread cycle.
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Try the recipe with cranberries in the fall, substituting honey for the
berry
syrup.
If cranberries are fresh, add 1/3 (1/2) (2/3) cup water and syrup of
your choice.
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Black Forest Pumpernickel
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----FOR 1.5LB LOAF-----
1 1/8 cups Water (for Welbuilt/Dak add
2 T more water
1 1/2 cups Bread flour
1 cup Rye flour
1 cup Whole wheat flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
1 1/2 tablespoons Oil
1/2 cup Molasses
3 tablespoons Cocoa powder
1 tablespoon Caraway seeds
2 teaspoons Red star yeast (Panasonic/
National use 4 1/2 ts yeast)
White bread, light crust.
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Black Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/3 cups Water
2 2/3 tablespoons Applesauce or Oil
1 1/3 tablespoons Dark molasses
1 1/2 tablespoons Vinegar
1 teaspoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1 teaspoon Dried minced onion
1/4 teaspoon Fennel seed
2 1/2 teaspoons Caraway seed
2/3 cup Oat bran
1 teaspoon Instant coffee granules
2 tablespoons Cocoa powder
1 1/3 cups Rye flour
2 cups Better for bread flour
2 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
Place all ingredients in bread pan in order listed by your manufacturer.
Select basic white bread setting.
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Black Pepper Onion Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1-1/2 LB LOAF-----
1 cup Water
1 tablespoon Butter or margarine
1 teaspoon Salt
3 cups Bread flour
3 tablespoons Nonfat dry milk powder
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons Dry minced onions
3/4 teaspoon Fresh ground black pepper -- medium coasrse groun
1/4 teaspoon Garlic powder
2 teaspoons Bread machine yeast
Add ingredients in order given by manufacturer. Basic/white bread
setting.
Medium/normal color setting.
NOTE: If using finer grind of pepper, reduce amount to 1/4 tsp for
either size
loaf.
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Bloody Mary Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Brunch
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 tablespoon Soft butter
6 ounces Can of spicy V-8 juice -- at
temperature
1 tablespoon Vodka
1 tablespoon Water
1 Egg
Place all ingredients into pan, select white bread and push start
. Serve with a stalk of celery.
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Blue Cheese and Port Bread (EB)
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2/3 cup water
2 cups bread flour
1 tablespoon sugar
1 teaspoon salt
2 teaspoons butter
2 tablespoons port red wine
1/4 cup Danish blue cheese
1/4 cup walnuts -- coarsely chopped
2 1/2 tablespoons applesauce
1 1/2 teaspoons yeast
Bake on regular cycle.
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Bohemian Christmas Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories :
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 LB. LOAF-----
1 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
3 cups Bread flour
1 teaspoon lemon peel -- dried
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
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3 1/2 tablespoons Sugar
1 each Egg
2 tablespoons Butter
6 ounces milk -- warmed
2 ounces Warm water
4 1/2 tablespoons almonds -- chopped
3 1/2 tablespoons Raisins
-----1-LB. LOAF-----
1 teaspoon Active dry yeast
2 cups Bread flour
1/2 teaspoon lemon peel -- dried
1 teaspoon Salt
2 1/2 tablespoons Sugar
1 each Egg
1 1/2 tablespoons Butter
1/2 cup milk -- warmed
1 1/2 ounces Warm water
3 tablespoons almonds -- chopped
2 1/2 tablespoons Raisins
NOTES:
For Panasonic/National
_machines -- use 3 tsp. of
_yeast for the 1 1/2 lb.loaf
If your machine has a mix
_cycle -- the almonds and
_raisins can be added at the
_beginning or at the mix
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_beep. They can also be
_added dtowards the end of
_the mixing process.
. Because this bread is an extremely high rise, a 1-pound loaf will
easily fill a
large bread-machine bucket.
Test the small recipe first to see how the loaf rises in your machine.
Follow manufacturer's directions on loading
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NOTES : This delightful bread is great for parties and celebrations.
The raisins
and nuts give it a fextive flavor and texture that's hard to beat.
Brownie Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 POUND LOAF-----
3/4 cup Water
1/3 cup Unsweetened cocoa powder
1 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
1 3/4 cups + 2 tbls bread flour
1/2 cup Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
1 Egg
1/3 cup Walnuts -- chopped
-----1-1/2 POUND LOAF-----
1 cup + 2 tbls water
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1/2 cup Unsweetened cocoa powder
2 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
3 cups Flour
3/4 cup Sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
1 Egg
1 Egg yolk
1/2 cup Walnuts -- chopped
Bring water to boil. Add cocoa and stir until dissolved. Let cool.
Add the cocoa and all ingredients, except nuts, in the order suggested
by the bread
machine manual and process on the basic bread cycle according to
directions.
At the beeper (or end of first kneading in Panasonic or National), add
walnuts.
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Buttermilk Pumpernickel
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories :
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 3/4 Tsp Active Dry Yeast
2 1/4 C Bread Flour
1 C Rye Flour -- + 2 Tbs
1 1/2 Tbsp Brown Sugar
1 1/2 Tsp Salt
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1 1/2 Tbsp Vegetable Oil
1 1/2 Tbsp Caramel Coloring
1/3 C Buttermilk
1 C Water -- + 2 Tbs
Add all ingredients in the order suggested by your ABM manual and
process
on the basic bread cycle according to the manufacturer's directions.
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Caesar's Sourdough Bread Abm
Serving Size : 24 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
2 cups Bread flour
1 cup Whole wheat flour
1 1/2 Garlic cloves -- crushed
1 1/2 tablespoons Sugar
1/2 tablespoon Salt
1/4 cup Parmesan -- grated
3 tablespoons Olive oil
4 Anchovies -- chopped
1/2 teaspoon Lemon peel -- grated
1 1/2 cups Sourdough starter
1/2 cup Water -- warm
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Bring all ingredients to room temperature and pour into bakery, in
order.
Set "baking control" at 10 o'clock. Select "white bread" and push Start.
In hot & humid weather, use 1/8 c less water.
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Cajun Spice Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1 tablespoon Brown sugar
1 tablespoon Cajun spice blend
2 teaspoons Tomato paste
1/2 teaspoon Onion paste
1/4 teaspoon Parsley flakes
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
Add ingredients according to manufacturer's directions.
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California Dip Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Brunch
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3 1/3 cups Flour
1/4 teaspoon Baking soda
1 Egg -- room temperature
-----MIX TOGETHER, WARM AND ADD-----
3/4 cup Cottage cheese
3/4 cup Sour cream
3 tablespoons Sugar
1 1/2 tablespoons Butter
1/4 cup Water
1 package Lipton's onion soup mix
Place the first 4 ingredients into the pan.
Slightly warm the next 6 ingredients and pour into pan.
Select white bread and push start. NOTE:
Vary the amount of soup mix to suit your taste.
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Cake Bread
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Serving Size : 6 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 tablespoon Yeast
2/3 cup Cake mix
1 2/3 cups Flour
1/3 teaspoon Salt
1 1/3 tablespoons Butter
3/4 cup Water
Put the ingredients in according to the directions in your cookbook.
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Caraway Rye
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Ethnic Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup Flour -- better for bread flo
1 cup Flour -- all purpose
1/2 cup Rye flour
3/4 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Caraway seeds
1 tablespoon Butter
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1 cup Warm water
1 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
Add in the order required for your BM It is on the sweet side.
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Carolina Rice Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 teaspoons yeast
3 cups bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
1 tablespoon sugar
2 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder
1 tablespoon unsalted butter
3/4 cup cooked rice
3/4 cup water
1 large egg
1 teaspoon lemon juice
Use basic cycle. Do not use timer.
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Carrot and Thyme Bread
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Serving Size : 15 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Appetizers/Dips
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 pounds loaf: -- (1 lb loaf)
2 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast -- (1 1/2 tsp
2 1/4 cups Bread flour -- (1 1/2 c)
1 cup Rye flour -- (2/3 c)
1/2 cup Yellow cornmeal -- (1/3 c)
1 1/2 tablespoons Sugar -- (1 t)
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt -- (1 tsp)
1 1/2 tablespoons Dried thyme -- (1 t)
2 cups Carrots; freshly grated -- or
; finely chopped
-- (1 1/3 c)
1 cup Water -- (1/2 c or more if
-- needed)
This moist multi-grain bread is excellent.
It is chock full of vitamins and fiber and tastes good with fruit or
vegetable
salad or
lentil or bean soup.
Add all ingredients in the order suggested by your bread machine manual
and
process on the basic bread cycle according to the manufacturer's
directions.
Let the loaf cool before slicing.
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Catskill Mountain French
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Ethnic Breadmaker
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
7 ounces Warm water
3 cups Bread flour
2 teaspoons Sugar
2 teaspoons Salt
1 tablespoon Butter/margarine
2 teaspoons Red star yeast
2 tablespoons Sesame seeds
The flour is an almost 3 cups -- go light on the measuring and watch
the dough
ball.
Use the crispy (french) mode.
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Catskill Mountain Rye
Serving Size : 15 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup Water
1 tablespoon Vegetable oil
2 tablespoons Honey
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Caraway seeds
1 cup Rye flour
1 3/4 cups Bread flour
3 tablespoons Dry milk -- nonfat
1 tablespoon Yeast -- active dry
4 tablespoons Gluten
Use the "standard" or "white bread" mode of your bread machine
Makes great sandwiches and is delicious toasted.
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Celery-Celery-Celery Bread
Serving Size : 15 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
1/4 teaspoon Ginger
1/4 teaspoon Sugar
3 cups Better for Bread flour
1/2 cup Quick-cooking oats
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2 tablespoons Gluten
2 teaspoons Celery seeds
1 1/2 teaspoons Celery -- garlic or
Onion salt
3/4 cup Celery -- fresh/slice thin
1 tablespoon Celery leaves -- fresh/chopped
1 Egg
10 3/4 ounces Cream of celery soup
1 tablespoon Vegetable oil
3 tablespoons Low-fat milk -- heated
Add all the ingredients in the onler listed.
Select white bread and push "Start."
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Certainly Citrus Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 POUND LOAF-----
2/3 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Plus (see below)
1 teaspoon Dry milk
2 teaspoons Sugar
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1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Plus (see below)
1 teaspoon Butter
2 tablespoons Orange marmalade
2 teaspoons Lime juice
1 pinch Lemon Peel
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
Follow manufactures directions.
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Challah
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Jewish
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----MEDIUM LOAF-----
1 cup Water
2 Eggs
2 tablespoons Vegetable Oil
2 tablespoons Sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
3 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Add ingredients according to machine directions.
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Chart House Squaw Bread
Serving Size : 3 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/4 cups Warm water
2 tablespoons Molasses
1/2 teaspoon Caramel coloring * -- opt.
1 1/2 teaspoons Malted barley flour **
2 cups Bread flour
1/2 cup Whole wheat flour
1/2 cup Unprocessed bran -- or
Wheat bran
1/4 cup Dark brown sugar (3 TB)
1 1/2 tablespoons Oatbran
1 1/2 tablespoons Rolled oats
2 teaspoons Granola
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 1/2 teaspoons Yeast (1 envelope)
Oil and/or butter are not missing. They are not needed.
* Caramel coloring was only used to give the bread an almost
pumpernickel color. I found it in a cake decorating store which was
also a bakery
. ** The malted barley flour is also known as diastatic malt powder.
In a bowl combine bread flour, whole wheat flour, unprocessed bran,
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dark brown sugar, oatbran, rolled oats, granola, malted barley flour
and salt.
In bread pan add water, molasses, and caramel coloring. Add flour
mixture; top
with yeast and select dark bread setting.
NOTE: Raisins could be added if desired. If you do, eliminate the
caramel coloring
and liquify the water, 1/4 cup raisins, molasses and brown sugar before
adding to
the machine.
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Cheddar Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Cheese
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water 1/2
1 1/4 teaspoons Salt 3/4
1 1/2 large Eggs 1
3 cups Bread flour 2
1 cup Grated Cheddar Cheese 2/3
2 tablespoons Dry milk powder 1 1/2
2 tablespoons Sugar 1 1/2
2 teaspoons RapidRise Yeast 1 1/2
Put in pan according to custom.
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Cheddar Onion Bread
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
8 ounces Water -- warm
1 package Lipton Onion Soup mix
-----IN MACHINE-----
3 cups Bread flour
2 teaspoons Sugar
3 tablespoons Sugar
1 tablespoon Lecithin granules
4 teaspoons Yeast
3 ounces Sharp chedder -- shredded 1/5 c
Add ingredients acording to the directions in your BM cookbook.
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Cheese Herb Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
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1 1/8 cups Water
1 1/2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
3 tablespoons Fruit juice concentrate
1/2 cup Swiss -=OR=- cheddar cheese -- shredded
1/2 teaspoon Salt
3/4 teaspoon Baking soda
1 tablespoon Sugar
3 tablespoons Grated parmesan cheese
1/2 teaspoon Basil
3/4 teaspoon Parsley flakes
1 1/2 tablespoons Vital gluten -- to 3 tbls
3 1/3 cups Whole wheat flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Add ingredients according to manufacturer's directions.
Medium color setting. Makes 1-1/2 lb loaf.
NOTE: Fruit juice concentrate (orange, apple etc..), thawed, is used in
place of
the fat here.
Use butter if you desire, in its place.
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Chili Bean Machine Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories :
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
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1 tablespoon active dry yeast
1/2 cup yellow cornmeal
3 tablespoons nonfat dry milk
2 cups unbleached all-purpose flour
1 cup whole-wheat flour
1 1/2 tsp salt
2 tsp chili powder
1 cup (10oz) fat-free refried beans *
3 tablespoons vegetable oil
1/4 cup egg substitute
1 tablespoon honey
2/3 cup water
* canned or reconstituted from dry mix
Place all ingredients in the order listed in the bread machine
. Program machine for basic bread setting, and press start.
Yields: 1 loaf/10 slices
(All flours are approximate measures. You may use more or less,
depending
on the weight and absorbency of your flour.)
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Chilie Cheese Bread
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
3 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 teaspoon Baking powder
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Sugar
4 tablespoons SACO dry buttermilk
1 tablespoon Vital wheat gluten
1/4 cup Warm water
1 1/4 cups Sharp cheddar -- lg cubes
at room temp)
1 can Canned chopped green -- chilies; well-draine
I usually squeeze the chilies between a couple of layers of paper towels
to get rid of the excess moisture. If you don't want to use green
chilies,
add about 1/2 tsp. of ground red pepper. Pour in all ingredients
(EXCEPT cheese and chilies) in the order listed
(or if your machine takes wet ingredients first, reverse the order
) Select white bread and push "Start". After the first knead, at the
beeps
, add the chilies and the cheddar cheese.
When the bread is finished baking brush on some margarine or butter to
the crust
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Chocolate Chip and Nut Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
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Desserts
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 cups Whole Wheat Flour
1 1/2 cups Bread Flour
2 tablespoons Dry Milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Sea Salt
1/3 cup Toasted and Chopped Almonds
1/3 cup Toasted and Ground Almonds
2/3 cup Semisweet Choc. Chips
1 cup Plus 3 tb. Water
3 tablespoons Honey
2 tablespoons Canola -- Sunflower or Saf-
Flower Oil
1 teaspoon Almond Extract
4 teaspoons Active Dry Yeast
Add all ingred. at the same time according to your mfg. instructions
Bake on WHOLE WHEAT CYCLE... Welbilt ABM100-White Bread Cycle.
NOTE: Turned out moist and choclate-flavored. Very good as a snack w/ a
cup of
coffee!
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Cinco De Mayo Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2/3 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
2 teaspoons Sugar
1/2 teaspoon Salt
2 teaspoons Olive oil
2/3 cup Corn meal
1/3 cup Creamed corn
2 tablespoons Diced green chilies
1 teaspoon Diced jalapeno~ peppers
1 teaspoon Cilantro (dried)
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
This can be used with the regular and rapid bake cycles.
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Classic White Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
2 cups Bread Flour
1 tablespoon Nonfat Dried Milk
1 1/2 tablespoons Sugar
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1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Applesauce
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Can be used with the regular, rapid, or delayed cycles. 1 POUND LOAF
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Cinnamon Raisin Bread - Breadmaker
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast -- D
2 cups Bread flour -- +2T
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 tablespoon Powdered buttermilk
1 1/2 teaspoons Cinnamon
1 tablespoon Butter
1 cup Less 1 T. warm water
1/2 cup Raisins.
Add all ingredients to b/m EXCEPT RAISINS. AFTER MIXING AND FIRST
RISING--ADD
RAISINS.
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Colonial Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 tablespoon Butter (applesauce)
1 teaspoon Salt
1/3 cup Molasses
1 1/2 cups Boiling water
1/3 cup Yellow corn meal
3 1/2 cups Bread flour
1 package Yeast
Place cornmeal into bowl. Crefully pour boiling water into cornmeal,
stirring to make sure it is smooth. Let stand to cool for about 30 min.
Stir in molasses, salt and butter.
Place cornmeal mixture in pan, then bread flour then yeast. I use light
setting.
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Cornell Bread
Serving Size : 20 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
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1/2 tablespoon Yeast
2 cups Bread flour
1/2 cup Whole wheat flour
1 tablespoon Gluten
6 tablespoons Soy flour
6 tablespoons Dry milk
6 tablespoons Whole wheat germ
1/2 tablespoon Salt
2 tablespoons Butter
2 tablespoons Honey
1 Eggs
1 1/4 cups Water -- warm
Bring all ingredients to room temperature and pour into bakery, in
order.
Set "baking control" to medium. Select "white bread" and push Start.
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Cottage Dill Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1/2 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 tablespoon Sugar
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1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1/4 cup Cottage cheese
1/2 tablespoon Dry onion
1/2 tablespoon Dill seed
1/2 tablespoon Dill weed
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
Press start
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Counterfeit Wonder Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup -Water
3 tablespoons Margarine
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons -Salt
2 3/4 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Gluten
1 tablespoon Lecithin
1 1/2 teaspoons Red Star Bread Machine yeast
It toasts well and tastes good.
You have to try this to believe it.
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Please don't try to make a larger loaf or you'll be cleaning it off the
window!
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Country Rye Bread
Serving Size : 8 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 cups Bread flour
1 1/4 cups Rye flour
1 cup Water
1 tablespoon Caraway seeds
3 tablespoons Honey
2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
1 teaspoon Salt
1 package Dry yeast
Follow manufacturer's instructions for placing all ingredients into
bread pan;
select bake cycle, and start bread machine. Yield: 1 (1-pound) loaf, 8
servings.
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Craisin Bread
Serving Size : 10 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
2 cups Bread Flour
1 cup Whole Wheat Flour
3 tablespoons Sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
1/3 cup Milk -- room temp
1/2 cup Water -- room temp
1/3 cup Oil -- room temp
2 Eggs -- room temp
1 teaspoon Walnut extract
2/3 cup Dried Cranberries (craisins)
Place ingredients in machine according to your manufacturer's
directions.
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Creole Tomato Bread
Serving Size : 15 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
2 3/4 cups Better for Bread flour
2 tablespoons Gluten
1 1/4 teaspoons Garlic salt
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1 teaspoon Chili powder
1 teaspoon Paprika
1/8 teaspoon Baking soda
1/8 teaspoon Cayenne pepper
1/2 cup Mushrooms -- fresh/sliced
1/4 cup Celery -- fine chopped
1/4 cup Red bell pepper -- fine chopped
2 tablespoons Pimentos -- drained/diced
1 tablespoon Minced onion -- dried
1/2 cup Tomato soup -- canned + 1 tb
1 Egg
1 tablespoon Vegetable oil
2 teaspoons Molasses
2/3 cup V-8 veg. juice -- heated
Add all ingredients into the pan in the order listed. Select white
bread anpush
"Start."
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Crusty Bran Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/4 cups Water
2 tablespoons Packed brown sugar
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2 tablespoons Molasses
2 tablespoons Butter melted
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
3 1/4 cups Flour
1 cup Natural bran
1 1/2 teaspoons Quick rising yeast or
1 1/4 teaspoons Bread machine yeast
Remove baking pan from large 2lb/1kg bread machine.
Add to pan in order water, brown sugar, molasses, butter, salt, flour,
and bran.
Sprinkle yeast over top making sure yeast does not touch water mixture.
According to manufacturer's instructions instructions, choose cycle
appropriate to basic or white bread.
When baked immediately remove pan from machine shake loaf from pan.
Let cool completely on rack. Makes 1 loaf
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechoslovakian Orange Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
2/3 C Milk
4 Tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1 Egg
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1/3 Tsp Salt
1/4 C Sugar
1 1/4 Tsp Orange Peel
1/4 Tsp Ground Mace
3 C Bread Flour
1 tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
3/4 C Milk
5 tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1 Egg
1/2 tsp Salt
1/3 C Sugar
1 1/2 tsp Orange Peel
1/4 tsp Ground Mace
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: sweet, white; no timer
SETTING: light
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : This bread is traditionally baked in a crescent and is glazed
with
honey and orange juice mixed together and warmed.
Dakota Raisin Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Fruits
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
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-----1 LB. LOAF-----
1 cup Water -- warm
2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
1 3/4 cups Bread flour
2/3 cup Whole wheat flour
1 tablespoon Packed light brown sugar
1 tablespoon Powdered dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 1/4 teaspoons Fleischmann's bread machine -- yeast
1/2 cup Sun*Maid raisins
2 tablespoons Pumpkin seeds
2 tablespoons Sunflower seeds
1 tablespoon Poppy seeds
1 tablespoon Sesame seeds
-----1 1/2 LB. LOAF-----
1 1/4 cups Water -- warm
3 tablespoons Vegetable oil
2 1/3 cups Bread flour
1 cup Whole wheat flour
2 tablespoons Packed light brown sugar
2 tablespoons Powdered dry milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 teaspoons Fleishcmann's bread machine -- yeast
3/4 cup Sun*Maid Raisins
3 tablespoons Pumpkin seeds
3 tablespoons Sunflower seeds
1 1/2 tablespoons Poppy seeds
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1 1/2 tablespoons Sesame seeds
Measure carefully, adding ingredients, except raisins and seeds
to bread machine pan in the order recommended by the manufacturer.
Select Sweet or Basic/White cycle. Use Light or Medium crust color.
Add raisins and seeds at the raisin/nut cycle or 5 minutes before last
kneading
cycle ends.
Remove baked bread from pan and cool on wire rack.
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Dark Pumpernickel Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
Small *Medium-Large
2/3 cup Water*1 cup-1 1/3 cups
1 1/3 tablespoons Vegetable oil*2 TB-2 2/3 TB
2 tablespoons Molasses*3 TB-1/4 cup
1 tablespoon Unsweetened cocoa*1 1/2 TB -- 2 TB
2 teaspoons Brown sugar*1 TB-1 1/3 TB
2/3 teaspoon Instant coffee granules
*1 ts-1 1/3 ts
2/3 teaspoon Salt*1 ts-1 1/3 ts
1 1/4 teaspoons Caraway seeds*2 ts-2 1/2 ts
1/2 cup Rye flour*3/4 cup-1 cup
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1/2 cup Whole wheat flour*3/4 cup -- 1 cup
1 cup Bread flour*1 1/2 cups -- 2 cups
1 teaspoon Yeast*1 1/2 ts-2 1/2 ts
Add ingredients as given in manufacturer's instructions. Use whole
wheat setting if
available,
otherwise use the regular white bread cycle.
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Diet Health Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
10 ounces Water
1 teaspoon Salt
1/2 teaspoon Fructose (or sugar)
1/2 cup Soy flour
2 1/2 cups Bread flour
Put in breadmaker according to custom.
I also add about 1/4 c sunflower seeds and 1/4 c whole millet.
It was good the time I also added a tsp of cinnamon.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Diet Rite Bread
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----FOR 1-1/2 LB. LOAF-----
1 package Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
1 1/4 cups Diet rite soda -- or Club soda
room temperature
Place all ingredients into pan, select white bread, and push start.
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Dill Onion Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
1 1/2 C Sour Cream
1 Egg
1 Tsp Salt
1/3 Tsp Baking Soda
3 Tbsp Sugar
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3 Tbsp Onion Flakes -- dried
1 1/3 Tbsp Dill Weed
3 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
1 3/4 C Sour Cream
1 1/2 Egg
1 tsp Salt
1/2 tsp Baking Soda
1/4 C Sugar
3 tbsp Onion Flakes -- dried
1 1/2 tbsp Dill Weed
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: white, sweet; no timer
SETTING: medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : You may substitute yogurt for the sour cream. Keep an eye on the
dough and adjust consistency with flour or water as necessary. Use
an egg yolk, white or 2 Tbs. egg substitute for the half egg.
from my kitchen to------------------------------->yours.....
Dan Klepach
... Words, 25› ea. Better quality words, 50› ea.
___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
--- DB 1.39/004485
* Origin: The Diamond Bar BBS - 909-923-1031 - Ontario, CA (1:218/101)
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Dilly Bread
Serving Size : 2 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 teaspoon Dry yeast
1/2 tablespoon Butter or margarine
1/2 cup Warm water
1/2 tablespoon Dill seed*
1/2 cup Cottage cheese (heated
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 small Egg
1/2 tablespoon Minced onion
2 cups Sifted all-purpose flour
1/2 teaspoon Soda
. It made a very light rye flavored bread.
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Dried Tomato & Rosemary Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup -water
3 tablespoons -snipped unsalted
Dried tomatoes
1 tablespoon Olive oil
1 teaspoon Salt
3 cups Bread flour
1/4 cup Nonfat dry milk powder
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Rosemary
3/4 teaspoon Paprika
2 teaspoons Bread yeast
Add ingredients to bread machine pan in the order suggested by
manufacturer,
adding dried tomatoes with the water. Recommended cycle:
Basic/white bread cycle; medium/normal color setting.
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Easy French Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Plus (see below)
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1 tablespoon Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
Place in machine
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Eileen's Corn-Chilies-Cheese Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Chili Corn
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3 cups Flour -- bread
3/4 cup Cornmeal -- yellow
1/2 cup Whole kernel canned corn -- *
1 tablespoon Chilies, Ortega -- chopped
1/2 cup Cheddar cheese -- shredded
1 each Egg
1 tablespoon Soft butter
1/2 teaspoon Salt
2 teaspoons Sugar
1 1/4 cups Water -- warm
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Drain corn. Put all the ingredients, select white bread, and push start.
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English Muffin Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Muffins
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/4 cups Water
2 teaspoons Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1/4 teaspoon Baking soda
3 cups Bread flour
3 tablespoons Nonfat dry milk
2 teaspoons Yeast
(This is great to put on the timer to have first thing in the morning)
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Fall Harvest Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1/2 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1/2 tablespoon Maple syrup
1/2 tablespoon Brown sugar
1/4 cup Canned pumpkin
1/2 teaspoon Vanilla extract
1/2 teaspoon Ground ginger
1/4 teaspoon Allspice
1/4 cup Pumpkin seeds
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
*** Be sure to use plain canned pumpkin - not pie filling.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Famous Onion Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 tablespoons Applesauce
2 tablespoons Dill Seed
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3 tablespoons Dried minced onion
3/4 cup Sour Cream
3/4 cup Cottage Cheese -- Nonfat
1/4 cup Water
1 Egg
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
1/4 teaspoon Baking Soda
3 1/3 cups Bread Flour
1 package Yeast
-----
Add ingredients according to your machine's directions.
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Faux Sourdough Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Active Dry Yeast
2 1/2 cups Bread Flour
1 tablespoon Dark Molasses
1 cup Sour Cream
1 teaspoon Salt
1 teaspoon Lemon Juice
4 tablespoons Warm Water
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All ingredients but the water should be at room temperature before
starting.
Add ingredients to the pan in the order listed. Select "White Bread".
Press
"Start".
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Fresh Grapefruit Cottage Bread
Serving Size : 15 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 packages Yeast
4 1/2 cups Better for Bread
3/8 cup Sugar
1/8 teaspoon Baking soda
1 1/2 tablespoons Grapefruit peel -- grated
3/4 cup Low-fat cottage cheese
3 Egg whites
1 1/2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
3/4 cup Grapefruit juice -- fresh/heate
Add all ingredients into the pan in the order listed, set darkness
control at 11
o'clock
.Select white bread and push "Start." This palate-refreshing mealtime
accompaniment,
this tart/sweet bread offersa taste of English elegange when toasted
slices are topped with citrus marmalade.
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Fresh Herb Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
MMMM-----------------------1 1/2 LB
LOAF----------------------------
1 c Plus 2 tb water
2 tb Margarine or butter
3 c Bread flour
2 ts Chopped fresh sage leaves
1 tb Chopped fresh basil leaves
1 tb Chopped fresh oregano leaves
2 ts Chopped fresh thyme leaves
1/4 c Chopped fresh parsley
3 tb Dry milk
2 tb Sugar
1 t Salt
1 1/2 ts Yeast
MMMMM-------------------------2 LB -- €
LOAF------------------------------
1 1/2 c Water
2 tb Butter or Margarine
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4 1/4 c Bread flour
2 ts Chopped fresh sage leaves
1 tb Plus 1 ts chopped fresh
Basil leaves
1 tb Plus 1 ts chopped fresh
Oregano leaves
2 ts Chopped fresh thyme leaves
1/4 c Chopped fresh parsley
1/4 c Dry milk
2 tb Sugar
1 1/2 ts Salt
1 1/4 ts Yeast*
Place on the ingredients in the bread machine and select basic white
cycle. Use medium or light crust colour.
It is recommended to use a bread pan with 9 cups or larger for the 1
1/2 pound loaf. Yeast amount is correct though proportionately less
than called for in the smaller loaf.
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Garden Herb Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1 teaspoon Chives
1 teaspoon Marjoram
1 teaspoon Thyme
1/2 teaspoon Basil
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
*** Use dried flaked herbs. If using ground, reduce by half. If using
fresh, double
the amount.
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Garlic and Basil Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm Untested
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 c Baking flour
1 c Water
1 pk Yeast
1 t Sugar
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1 t Salt
3/4 ts Basil
2/3 ts Garlic powder
Make 1 pound loaf.
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Garlic Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
2 cups Plus (see below)
1 tablespoon White bread flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1/2 tablespoon Butter
2 tablespoons Parmesan (freshly grated)
1/2 teaspoon Sweet basil
1/2 teaspoon Garlic powder
1/2 teaspoon Garlic paste
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
1/4 tablespoon finely chopped garlic
Add according to instructions for your machine.
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Garlic Herb Cheese Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
5/8 C (5 Oz) Milk
2 Eggs
2 1/2 Tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1 C Grated Cheese -- packed lightly
1 Tsp Salt
2 Tsp Sugar
1 1/2 Garlic Clove -- minced
1/8 tsp Cayenne Pepper
1/4 tsp Oregano -- dried
1/2 tsp Basil -- dried
2 tsp Caraway Seed
3 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
3/4 C Milk
3 Eggs
3 tbsp Butter Or Margarine
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1 C Grated Cheese -- packed lightly
1 tsp Salt
2 1/2 tsp Sugar
1 1/2 Garlic Clove -- minced
1/4 tsp Cayenne Pepper
1/3 tsp Oregano -- dried
1/2 tsp Basil -- dried
2 1/2 tsp Caraway Seed
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: white, sweet; no timer
SETTING: light to medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : Recommend using sharp cheddar cheese. Keep an eye on the dough
and
adjust as necessary because of the cheese. The cheese should be
lightly packed in the measuring cup. The garlic and herbs may be
adjusted to taste. Scrape the sides of the pan with a rubber
spatula if the ingredients are not mixing.
Gingerbread Loaf (breadmaker)
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Bread Machine Breads For Dessert
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup milk
1/4 cup molasses
1 egg
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3 tablespoons butter
3 1/3 cups bread flour
1 tablespoon brown sugar
3/4 teaspoon salt
3/4 teaspoon cinnamon
3/4 teaspoon ginger
1 packet active dry yeast
Place all ingredients in pan according to machine directions and push
start.
Optional:
Lemon Icing: In smal mixing bowl stir 1/2 cup sifted powdered sugar, 1/4
teaspoon vanilla, 1 teaspoon lemon juice and enough milk (1-3
teaspoons) to
make an icing of drizzling consistency.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Granola Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3/4 cup Whole wheat flour
2 cups Bread flour
1 cup Granola -- grind finely
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3/4 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 teaspoons Sugar
3/4 cup Warm water
1/2 cup Buttermilk
2 tablespoons Sweet butter -- warm
2 tablespoons Honey
1 Egg
Add all ingredients, select white bread and push start
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Grape Nut Bread For Breadmaker
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/3 Cups Water
2 2/3 Tbs Vegetable oil
1 1/3 Tbs Sugar
2 Tsps Salt
2/3 Cup Grape Nut cereal (not flakes)
2 2/3 Cups Bread flour
2 1/2 Tsps Yeast
2 Tsps Gluten -- ((Optional)
Add to bread machine in order specified in your manual. White bread,
medium bake
setting.
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The gluten makes a slightly lighter loaf.
This is a flavorful crunchy bread. It is a lot like the old cracked
wheat bread.
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Hearty Oat & Walnut Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast-
3 1/4 cups Bread Flour -
1/2 cup Quick oats -
1/4 cup Brown sugar
1 tablespoon Salt -
3/4 cup Walnuts -
1 tablespoon Margarine-
1 1/4 cups -very warm water -- (not hot)
....With homemade soup its a real favorite.
Follow manufactures instructions
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Hearty Raisin Rye Bread
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Fruits
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 LB. LOAF-----
3/4 cup Water -- warm
1 tablespoon Vegetable oil
1 3/4 cups Bread flour
1/2 cup Light or medium rye flour
1 tablespoon Packed light brown sugar
1 tablespoon Powdered dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1/2 teaspoon Caraway seed
1 1/2 teaspoons Fleischman's bread machine -- yeast
2/3 cup Sun*Maid raisins
-----1 1/2 LB. LOAF-----
1 cup Water -- warm
2 tablespoons Vegetable oil
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
3/4 cup Light or medium rye flour
2 tablespoons Packed light brown sugar
2 tablespoons Powdered dry milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
3/4 teaspoon Caraway seed
2 teaspoons Fleischman's bread machine -- yeast
1 cup Sun*Maid Raisins
Measure carefully, adding ingredients to bread machine pan in the ordr
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recommended by the manufacturer. Select Sweet or Basic/White cycle.
Use Light or Medium crust color.
Add raisins at the raisin/nut cycle or 5 minutes before last kneading
cycle ends.
Remove baked bread from pan and cool on wire rack.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Heavenly Whole Wheat Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 pound loaf
3/4 cup Water
1 1/3 cups Whole wheat flour
2/3 cup Bread flour
1 teaspoon Salt
3 tablespoons Applesauce (butter)
1 tablespoon Sugar
3 tablespoons Instant Potato flakes
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Good!! Crust: light. Bake.
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High Protein Diet/cornell Bread
Serving Size : 12 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup -Water
1 tablespoon Vegetable oil
1 tablespoon Honey
3/4 teaspoon -Salt
2 tablespoons Wheat germ
1/4 cup Soy flour
1 cup Whole wheat flour
1 1/4 cups Bread flour
1/4 cup Nonfat dry milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Much better than the store bought diet breads which use "sawdust
fiber" as filler. This is a tasty, dense loaf. Makes good sandwiches.
The recipe is based on a formula devised for superior nutrition in
bread by faculty at Cornell University. Wheat germ, soy flour and
nonfat dry milk are added to each cup of flour in the Cornell Formula,
this recipe makes it easier.
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Honey Graham Granola Bread
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
1 3/4 cups Bread flour
1/4 cup Whole-wheat flour
1/3 cup Granola cereal
1 teaspoon Salt
2 tablespoons + 2 tsp. nonfat dry milk
2 teaspoons Unsalted butter or margarine
3/4 cup + 2 tbsp. water
3 tablespoons Honey
1 teaspoon Lemon juice
-----3-CUP CAPACITY/16 SERVINGS-----
2 1/4 cups Active dry yeast
2 2/3 cups Bread flour
1/3 cup Whole-wheat flour
1/2 cup Granola cereal
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
4 tablespoons Nonfat dry milk
1 tablespoon Unsalted butter or margarine
1 1/4 cups Water
1/4 cup Honey
1 teaspoon Lemon juice
Granola cereal adds an interesting crunch to this bread.
For best results, use either homemade granola or a store-bought brand
that is low
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in fat and sugar.
Since there are so many different types of granola, the amoun
t of water required in the recipe may vary.
Check the dough during the first kneading cycle to make sure it is not
too dry.
All ingredients must be at room temperature,
unless otherwise noted. Add ingredients in the order specified in your
bread
machine owner's manual.
Set bread machine on the basic/standard bread making setting.
If possible, select light baking cycle.
If not, use the medium or normal setting.
Do NOT use the programmable timer when making this bread since the
recipe
contains ingredients that can absorb the water prior to the start of
the bread
making process.
HINT: If cough appears too dry after kneading for the first couple of
minutes,
add additional water, no more than 1 tablespoon at a time, just until
dough appears
elastic
. Do NOT add too much water.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Honey Mustard Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1/2 cup Water
1 1/2 cups White bread flour
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1/2 cup Wheat flour
2 teaspoons Dry milk
2 1/2 tablespoons Honey
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1/4 cup Chicken broth (low salt)
1 2/3 tablespoons Gourmet mustard
1 teaspoon Chives (dried)
2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
-----
Add ingredients according to manufacturer's directions.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hot Jalapeno Bread
Serving Size : 14 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Bread Machine Low Fat
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 Pkg Active Dry Yeast
3 C Bread Flour
3 Tbsp Jalapeno Peppers -- chopped, or to taste
1/2 C Monterey Jack Cheese
1 1/2 Tbsp Sugar
1 1/2 Tsp Salt
1 1/4 C Water -- adjust to your needs
The recipes are for 2 cup bread makers - but I've adjusted them for 3
cups.
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Throw in and bake
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Italian Bread
Serving Size : 16 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Italian
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
2 tablespoons Sugar
2 tablespoons Butter (sweet -- at room temp)
1 cup Less 1 T hot water
2 Stiffly beaten egg whites
Be sure to use "crisp" bread setting and add the egg whites after the
rest of the ingredients are moist.
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Jalapeno Cheese Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Sour cream
1/8 cup Water
1 Egg
3 cups Flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Sugar
1/4 teaspoon Baking soda
1 cup Sharp cheddar -- grated
4 oz
3 tablespoons Fresh Jalapeno -- seeded and
(about 4 peppers)
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Wow ... hot stuff!! Serve this coarsely textured, very spicy bread at
your
next cocktail party and watch it disappear. It's great with a glass of
wine or a
cold beer,
but its perfect partner is a frosty margarita! Place all ingredients in
bread pan,
select a light crust setting, and press "start".
After the baking cycle ends, remove bread from pan, place on cake rack,
and allow to cool 1 hour before slicing.
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Lazy Onion Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
1 1/4 C Water Or Milk
2 Tbsp Sugar
2 Tsp Onion Soup Mix
3 C Bread Flour
1 Tbsp Dry Milk Powder -- optional
1 1/2 Tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
1 1/2 C Water Or Milk
2 1/2 tbsp Sugar
1 tbsp Onion Soup Mix
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 tbsp Dry Milk Powder -- optional
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: white; timer
SETTING: medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : The lazy part of this recipe is simply using onion soup mix!
There
is no salt included in the recipe as there is some in the onion
soup.
from my kitchen to------------------------------->yours.....
Dan Klepach
... Government Tagline. Takes up space, no known function.
___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
98 of 151
--- DB 1.39/004485
* Origin: The Diamond Bar BBS - 909-923-1031 - Ontario, CA (1:218/101)
Lemon Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
1/4 cup Sugar
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1/4 cup Butter -- room temperature
3/4 cup Milk -- scalded
1 Egg + 1 yolk -- room temp.
1/4 teaspoon Lemon extract
2 teaspoons Dried or freshly grated -- lemon peel
Place all ingredients into breadmaker pan in the order above, select
white bread
and push start.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lemon Poppy Seed Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm Breads
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 teaspoons yeast
3 cups bread flour
1 tablespoon lemon zest -- grated
1 1/2 teaspoons poppy seeds
1 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons sugar
4 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder
1 tablespoon unsalted butter
1 cup water
1 large egg
1 teaspoon lemon juice
GLAZE:
2 teaspoons unsalted butter -- softened
1 teaspoon lemon zest -- grated
4 tablespoons powdered sugar
1 teaspoon lemon juice -- or more
Add all ingredients except those for glaze. Use basic cycle. While the
bread is cooling to room temperature, make the glaze. Glaze cooled loaf
of bread by drizzing glaze on top and sides of loaf. Let dry before
slicing.
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Light Pumpernickel
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----ONE POUND LOAF-----
2/3 cup Water
1 1/3 tablespoons Vegetable oil
1 1/3 tablespoons Molasses
2 teaspoons Gluten (optional)
2 teaspoons Sugar
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1 1/4 teaspoons Caraway seeds
1 1/3 tablespoons Unsweetened cocoa
1 cup Rye flour
1 cup Bread flour
1 teaspoon Yeast
Bake on regular bake cycle
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Light Whole Wheat Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
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1 1/8 cups Whole wheat flour (5 1/4 oz)
1 1/8 cups Bread flour (5 1/4 oz)
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1 tablespoon Molasses
7/8 cup Water (7 1/2 fl.oz)
1 teaspoon Dry yeast
Timer OR Bake (Rapid) mode may be used.
Place all ingredients (except liquids and yeast) inside the bread pan.
Add liquid ingredients. Close cover and place dry yeast into the yeast
holder.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lime & Coconut Milk Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/2 teaspoons active dry yeast
2 cups bread flour
1 1/4 cups whole-wheat flour
1/4 cup rolled oats
1/4 cup cornmeal
3 tablespoons sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
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3 tablespoons lime zest -- grated
1 1/2 tablespoons oil
3/4 cup coconut flakes
1/2 cup coconut milk -- unsweetened
1 cup water
Add all the ingredients in the order suggested by your manual. Process
on
basic white bread.
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Luscious Luau Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
2 1/3 cups White bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1 1/2 tablespoons Brown sugar
2 tablespoons Shredded carrots
1/4 cup Flaked -- shredded coconut
1/2 cup Unsweet. crushed pineapple
1/3 cup Chopped macadamia nuts
1 pinch Cinnamon
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2 teaspoons Yeast (active dry)
** Drain the pineapple well. Juice may be substituted for up to 2/3 of
the water.
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Many Grains Bread
Serving Size : 16 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/8 cups Water
1/2 cup Whole wheat flour
2 cups Bread flour
1/2 cup Quick oats
3/4 cup 7 grain cereal
2 tablespoons Powdered buttermilk
2 tablespoons Sugar
2 tablespoons Honey
2 tablespoons Margarine
2 packages Yeast
1 teaspoon Salt
This is very similar to Poulsbo bread Add ingredients according to your
manufACTURER'S DIRECTIONS
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Maple Oatmeal Bread
Serving Size : 14 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Bread Machine Low Fat
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 Pkg Active Dry Yeast -- 2 1/4 tsp
1 C Oats -- quick-cooking
3 C Bread Flour
1 Tsp Salt
1/3 C Maple Syrup
1 Tbsp Cooking Oil
1 1/4 C Warm Water -- + 1 T
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mustard Wheat Rye
Serving Size : 2 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 teaspoons Yeast
1 cup Bread flour
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1/2 cup Whole wheat flour
1/2 cup Rye flour
1 tablespoon Gluten
1/3 cup Dijon mustard
2/3 cup Water
1 tablespoon Lecithin granules
1 tablespoon Molasses
Dump yeast in machine. Dump in flours and lecithin granules
Fill measuring cup to 2/3rds with warm water. Add mustard until liquid
measures a
full cup. A
dd molasses and stir. Dump in machine.
Set machine to basic bake. Tested 3/3/94 A small dark loaf with a nice
mustardy
flavor.
While dense, it can be sliced quite thinly.
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New Hampshire White Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
1 Cup Water
2 1/2 Tbsp Butter Or Margarine
2 1/2 Tbsp Sugar
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1 Tsp Salt
3 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 Tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
1 1/4 C Water
3 tbsp Butter Or Margarine
3 tbsp Sugar
1 tsp Salt
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: white; timer
SETTING: medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : Use scant measurements of the water. This makes into rolls very
nicely.
from my kitchen to------------------------------->yours.....
Dan Klepach
... If it STILL doesn't work, try following the directions.
___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
--- DB 1.39/004485
* Origin: The Diamond Bar BBS - 909-923-1031 - Ontario, CA (1:218/101)
Oat Bran Nutri-Bread
Serving Size : 15 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package (5/16-ounce yeast
1 1/2 cups Unbleached flour
1/2 cup Bread flour
1/4 cup Oat flour
1 tablespoon Wheat germ
2 tablespoons Sugar
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 tablespoon Margarine
1 teaspoon Salt
7/8 cup Water
A VERY NUTRITIOUS LOAF. SERVE TOASTED TO SAVOR DELICATE TASTE
Put all ingredients in order given into the bread pan. Select WHITE
bread and push
Start
. Makes 1 loaf, 8 slices. Each slice: 153 calories; 1 gm dietary fiber;
less than 1
gm soluble fiber;
29 gm charbohydrates; 4 gm protein; 2 gm fat (12% of calories from fat);
1 mg cholesterol; 268 mg sodium; 74 mg potassium; 17 mg calcium.
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Oatmeal, Raisin and Honey Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
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1/2 cup Golden Raisins
2 tablespoons Grated Orange Zest
1 cup Plus 1 tb. Water
1 3/4 cups Whole Wheat Flour
3/4 cup Oat-blend Flour
1/2 cup Rolled Oats
3 tablespoons Dry Milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Sea Salt
1/4 cup Honey
2 tablespoons Canola -- Safflower or Sun-
Flower Oil
4 teaspoons Active Dry Yeast
1. Place the raisins, orange zest, and water in a sm. saucepan and
bring to a boil.
Remove from heat and set aside to cool. Drain raisins and zest,
reserving the
liquid.
2. Measure and add the dry ingredients to the pail. Add the reserved
liquid, the
honey and the yeast.
3. Program for WHOLE WHEAT MODE.
4. At the end of the mixing cycle, just before the kneading begins,
add the drained raisins and the orange zest to the dough.
5. Remove and turn out to cool on wire rack.
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Old World Rye
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
1 C Water
1 Tbsp Vegetable Oil
1 Tbsp Honey
3/4 Tsp Salt
1/3 Tsp Baking Soda
2 1/2 Tsp Onion Flakes -- dried
1 Tbsp Caraway Seed
1 1/2 tbsp Wheat Germ
1 1/2 tbsp Soy Flour
3/4 C Whole-Wheat Flour
1/3 C Rye Flour
1 1/2 C Bread Flour
3 tbsp Buttermilk Powder
1 1/2 tbsp Vital Gluten -- optional
1 1/2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
2 1/2 tsp Lemon Juice
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
1 1/4 C Water
1 tbsp Vegetable Oil
1 tbsp Honey
1 tsp Salt
1/2 tsp Baking Soda
1 tbsp Onion Flakes -- dried
1 tbsp Caraway Seed
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2 tbsp Wheat Germ
2 tbsp Soy Flour
1 C Whole-Wheat Flour
1/2 C Rye Flour
2 C Bread Flour
1/4 C Buttermilk Powder
2 tbsp Vital Gluten -- optional
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
1 tbsp Lemon Juice
Add lemon juice 10 mins after starting machine.
CYCLE: wheat, white sweet; timer
SETTING: light to medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : Add the lemon juice 10 mins after starting the machine --- in
all
machines. If fresh buttermilk is on hand, substitute it for the
water (cup for cup) and omit the dried buttermilk powder.
Oreo Cookie Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 LB. LOAF-----
3/4 cup Milk
1 Egg
3 tablespoons Sugar
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3/4 teaspoon Salt
2 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
3/4 cup Oreo cookies -- crushed
-----1 1/2 LB LOAF-----
1 cup Milk
1 1/2 Eggs
5 tablespoons Butter
1/4 cup Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
3 cups Bread flour
2 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
1 cup Oreo cookies -- crushed
Bake according to manufacturer's instructions,
adding the Oreos during the raisin-bread cycle,
or five minutes before the final kneading is finished.
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Outrageously Oatmeal Bread for Bread Machine
Serving Size : 8 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
2 cups White bread flour
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1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1 tablespoon Honey
1/4 cup Rolled oats
1 teaspoon Fast rise yeast **OR**
1 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
-----LARGE LOAF-----
1 1/4 cups Water
3 cups White bread flour
1 1/2 tablespoons Dry milk
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Butter
2 tablespoons Honey
1/2 cup Rolled oats
2 teaspoons Fast rise yeast **OR**
3 teaspoons Active dry yeast
SUCCESS HINTS: For added texture, add the oats after the first knead
or at the beep on the fruit and nut cycle. For additional crunch,
sprinkle a few oats on top of the loaf after the final rise.
Instant oatmeal doesn't work, but quick-cooking oats do.
This recipe can be made with the regular, rapid, or delayed time bake
cycles.
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Panettone Bread
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Fruits
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 pound loaf
3/4 cup Milk
1 Egg
3 tablespoons Applesauce
3 cups Bread flour
2 tablespoons Honey
1 1/2 teaspoons Anise seed -- crushed
3/4 teaspoon Salt
1 teaspoon Yeast
1/3 cup Light raisins
1/3 cup Currants
1/3 cup Chopped candied citron
Use light setting. 103 cal.
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Parmesan-Pepper Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
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1 cup Plus 2 Tbs water
1 tablespoon Olive oil
3 1/4 cups Bread flour
1/2 cup Parmesan cheese -- grated
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
3/4 teaspoon Freshly ground black pepper -- or green peppercorns
2 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
aDD INGREDIENTS ACCORDING TO YOUR MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Peanut Butter and Jelly Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Water
1/3 cup Peanut butter
1/3 cup Jelly
1 tablespoon Maple/brown sugar
1/3 teaspoon Salt
1/2 teaspoon Baking soda
1 tablespoon To 2 tb. vital gluten -- opt.
2 1/4 cups Whole wheat flour
1 teaspoon Yeast
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Flour equivalent - 2 1/4 cup
-----MEDIUM LOAF-----
1 1/8 cups Water
1/2 cup Peanut butter
1/2 cup Jelly
1 1/2 tablespoons Maple/brown sugar
1/2 teaspoon Salt
3/4 teaspoon Baking soda
1 1/2 tablespoons To 3 tb. vital gluten -- opt.
3 1/3 cups Whole wheat flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Flour equivalent - 3 1/3 cup
-----LARGE LOAF-----
1 1/2 cups Water
2/3 cup Peanut butter
2/3 cup Jelly
2 tablespoons Maple/brown sugar
2/3 teaspoon Salt
1 teaspoon Baking soda
2 tablespoons To 4 tb. vital gluten -- opt.
4 1/2 cups Whole wheat flour
2 teaspoons Yeast
Flour equivalent - 4 1/2 cup
SETTING: Medium
A high-rising loaf with the taste of peanut butter and jelly mixed
right in.
Use either smooth or chunky peanut butter.
Due to peanut butter, the sides of the pan may need scraping. Watch
moisture.
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Add ingredients according to your manufacturer.
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Pepperoni Bread #2
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/8 cups Water
1/2 cup Pepperoni -- diced
1/3 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 teaspoons Sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons Italian spice
1 1/2 tablespoons Vital gluten -- to 3 tbls
3 1/3 cups Whole wheat flour
2 teaspoons Yeast
1/2 cup Jalapeno cheese -- shred (opt)
1 1/2 Jalapeno -- diced (opt)
Add ingredients according to manufacturer's directions.
Medium color setting. Makes 1-1/2 lb loaf.
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Pesto Bread
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Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 large Egg -- XTRA
1/4 cup Dry vermouth -- or dry white
Wine
10 milliliters Garlic
3 tablespoons Olive oil
1/2 cup Pesto sauce
1/3 cup -water -- + 2 T
3 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
2 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
1/2 cup Pine nuts -- (see note)
Place all the ingredients except the pine nuts in the machine,
program for Raisin Bread, and press start. When the beeper sounds, add
the nuts.
Pesto is a pungent Italain sauce made from ground-up basil, pine nuts
, and Parmesan cheese.
It used to be available only in the summer when fresh basil is
plentiful.
Now you can buy it in most grocery stores bottled, in the refrigerator
case,
or even in a tube. Home made may be the best, but store bought is just
fine.
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Pizza Dough Abm
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Serving Size : 216 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1/2 tablespoon Yeast
3 1/4 cups Flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
1/2 tablespoon Salt
1/4 cup Olive oil
1 1/8 cups Water
-----TO SHAPE PIZZA-----
Corn meal
Bring all ingredients to room temp and add to breadmaker
. Select "white dough" cycle and press Start.
At end of cycle, remove dough and divide into halves.
Preheat oven to 450. Roll or shape into pizzas on surface dusted with
cornmeal.
Add toppings of choice and bake 15 minutes on bottom rack, to make sure
crust gets
done.
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Portuguese Corn Bread
Serving Size : 24 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 POUND LOAF-----
1 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
2 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
1 1/2 cups Cornmeal
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 tablespoon Olive oil
9 ounces Warm water
-----1 POUND LOAF-----
1 teaspoon Active dry yeast
1 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 teaspoon Salt
1 cup Cornmeal
2 teaspoons Sugar
2 teaspoons Olive oil
6 ounces Warm water
SEE NOTES IN DIRECTIONS
Here is a good, dense, corn bread with a crunchy texture and rich
flavor.
It is very good with soup or with butter and jelly or jam.
NOTES:
1. For Panasonic/National machines, use 3 tsp. of yeast for the 1 1/2
pound loaf.
2. For DAK/Welbilt machines, use 2 additional tablespoons of warm water
for the 1
1/2 pound loaf.
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Pototo Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
6 Oz Potato, Cooked
Water, As Needed
1 1/2 C Wet Ingredients Should Equal This
1 1/2 Tbsp Butter
2 Tbsp Sugar
1 Tsp Salt
3 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----2 Lb Only-----
7 oz Potato, Cooked
Water, As Needed
1 3/4 C Wet Ingredients Should Equal This
2 tbsp Butter
2 1/2 tbsp Sugar
1 tsp Salt
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: wheat, sweet, chite; no timer
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SETTING: medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : Cook the new or small potato in the microwave until soft and cut
it into quarters or eighths (the machine will mash it during
kneading). Place the cut potato, peel and all, into the liquid
measuring cup and add water up to the level given. You may add 1-2
Tbs buttermilk dressing mix (dry) for extra flavor.
from my kitchen to------------------------------->yours.....
Dan Klepach
... Confucius say, Man who stand on toilet is high on Pot.
___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
--- DB 1.39/004485
* Origin: The Diamond Bar BBS - 909-923-1031 - Ontario, CA (1:218/101)
Prosciutto-Black Pepper Bread
Serving Size : 24 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
3/4 teaspoon Pepper -- black
3 cups Flour -- bread
1 tablespoon Sugar
1/2 tablespoon Salt
1/3 cup Oil -- olive
1 cup Water -- warm
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2 tablespoons Water -- warm
3/4 cup Prosciutto -- chopped
Do not trim fat from prosciutto before chopping. Bring all ingredients
to room
temperature.
Pour all ingredients into bakery except prosciutto, in order.
Set "baking control" at eleven o'clock.
Select "white bread" and push Start.
Add prosciutto at beep, 88 minutes into cycle.
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Reuben Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/2 teaspoons Active yeast
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 cup Rye flour
2 tablespoons Gluten
1 teaspoon Salt
1/2 teaspoon Dry mustard
1/8 teaspoon Baking soda
1 teaspoon Caraway seeds
3 ounces Swiss cheese -- shredded
1/4 cup Sauerkraut -- rinsed & drained
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3 tablespoons Thousand island dressing
1 cup Plus 2 tbs warm water
2 1/2 ounces Deli sliced lean corn
Beef
All ingredients must be at room temperature except water at 110 degree
F. Add all ingredients to ABM in the order listed. Select white bread
and start.
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Rye Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 pk Yeast
2 c Flour, rye
2 c Flour, bread
2 tb Dry nonfat milk powder
1 tb Sugar
1 t Salt
1 tb Honey
1 tb Margarine
1 t Allspice, ground, optional
1 tb Caraway seed, optional
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1 1/2 c Water, warm
Add all the ingredients listed above, select white bread and push
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Sauerkraut Rye
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
1 C Water
1 1/2 Tbsp Vegetable Oil
3 Tbsp Molasses
1/3 C Sauerkraut
3/4 Tsp Salt
1 1/2 Tbsp Instant Coffee Granules
3/4 C Rye Flour
2 1/2 C Bread Flour
1 1/2 tbsp Vital Gluten
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----2 Lb-----
1 1/3 C Water
2 tbsp Vegetable Oil
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1/4 C Molasses
1/2 C Sauerkraut
1 tsp Salt
2 tbsp Instant Coffee Granules
1 C Rye Flour
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
2 tbsp Vital Gluten
2 1/4 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: wheat, white; no timer
SETTING: medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : Caraway seeds may be added to taste. The instant coffee gives
the
bread its dark color.
from my kitchen to------------------------------->yours.....
Dan Klepach
... Space is curved. Or else my car pulls to the right...
___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
--- DB 1.39/004485
* Origin: The Diamond Bar BBS - 909-923-1031 - Ontario, CA (1:218/101)
Scotland Oat Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3 tablespoons Honey
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1 1/2 cups Milk
1/4 cup Water
3 tablespoons Applesauce*
2 teaspoons Salt
3 tablespoons Gluten
3/4 cup Oat bran
1 1/2 cups Whole wheat flour
1 cup Bread flour
1 1/2 cups Oat flour
3 teaspoons Yeast
Place in pan according to custom. *May use vegetable oil.
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Semolina Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 cup Buttermilk
1 Egg Beaters
1 tablespoon Butter/Applesauce
2 1/2 cups Semolina
1 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Add to pan as directed.
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Shredded-Wheat Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 pound loaf
1 Large shredded-wheat biscuit
7/8 cup Water
2 cups Whole wheat flour
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Applesauce
1 1/2 tablespoons Brown sugar
1 1/2 tablespoons Honey
2 teaspoons Yeast
Crust light. Bake.
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Sourdough Beer Bread
Serving Size : 14 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 teaspoon Yeast
2 cups King Arthur allpurpose flour
2 teaspoons Sugar
1 tablespoon Lecithin granules
1 teaspoon Salt
3/4 cup Rye sourdough starter*
1/4 cup Flat beer
2 tablespoons Water
Place in pan in the order given. Bake on basic bread cycle. This can
probably be
timed.
With only 2 cups of flour, this makes a small (14 oz) loaf with a
crunchy crust and
a light interior.
Not a dense bread. It's a rustic looking loaf that ought to be just the
thing with
stews or hearty soups.
*Rye sarter: 2 c Rye flour, 2 c warm water, 1 pkg yeast in a glass
container.
Leave at roomtemp for about 3 days stirring when you think of it.
When it starts to smell like a brewery, you can refrigerate it.
Just bring it back to room temp before you use it.
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Spinach & Feta Bread Abm
Serving Size : 24 Preparation Time :0:00
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Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Spinach -- frozen chopped
2 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
1/3 cup Wheat bran
1 1/2 tablespoons Sugar
1/2 tablespoon Salt
1/2 tablespoon Nutmeg -- ground
1/2 teaspoon Black pepper
3 tablespoons Oil
1 Eggs
1/3 cup Feta cheese -- crumbled
1/2 cup Water
Defrost spinach overnight in refrigerator or microwave, but do not cook.
Wrap in dish towel or piece of clean old sheeting and tighten fabric
around spinach to squeeze out all the liquid.
Bring all ingredients to room temperature and pour into bakery, in
order.
Set "baking control" at 10 o'clock. Select "white bread" and push Start.
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Standard Ff Bread Recipe (Abm)
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
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Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3 cups Bread flour
1 cup Whole wheat flour
1 Packet/2 1/4 tsp yeast
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Powdered skim milk or soy
Milk (optional -- but I think
It helps)
1 1/2 cups Hot water.
Follow usual procedure for breadmaker. Makes a 1 1/2 lb loaf.
I think this works out to 70 cal, 0.5 g fat per ounce.
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Beer Sourdough Starter
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Sourdough
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 Beer -- flat
1 1/4 cups Flour
Mix well, let sit on counter 5-10 days, stir 3 x per day.
When it begins to separate into creamy thick bottom and thin liquid top
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is ready to use in any sourdough recipe.
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Rye Starter (Sourdough)
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories :
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 cups Rye Flour
2 cups Warm Water
1 pkg Yeast
Add Above ingredients to a glass container.
Leave at roomtemp for about 3 days stirring when you think of it.
When it starts to smell like a brewery, you can refrigerate it.
Just bring it back to room temp before you use it.
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Strawberry Cream Cheese Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
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-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 LB. LOAF
1/3 cup Mllk
1/3 cup Mashed strawberries
1/3 cup Cream cheese
1 tablespoon Butter
2 tablespoons Honey
1 teaspoon Salt
1/2 cup Oatmeal
1 1/2 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
1 1/2 LB. LOAF
1/2 cup Milk
1/2 cup Mashed strawberries
1/2 cup Cream cheese
2 tablespoons Butter
3 tablespoons Honey
1 1/3 teaspoons Salt
1 cup Oatmeal
2 cups Bread flour
2 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
The strawberries in this bread are subtle, but combine wonderfully
with the cream cheese for a soft, light loaf.
Bake according to manufacturer's instructions.
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Summer Fruit Bread Abm
Serving Size : 24 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1/2 cup Blueberries -- frozen
2 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 cup Whole wheat flour
1/4 cup Sugar
3 tablespoons Dry milk
1/2 teaspoon Cloves -- ground
1/4 teaspoon Cinnamon -- ground
1 teaspoon Salt
1 cup Peaches -- chopped
1 1/2 tablespoons Butter
1 Eggs
2/3 cup Water
Blackberries may be substituted for the blueberries.
Nectarines may be substituted for the peaches.
If berries are fresh, freeze them anyway so they
will not get too mushy in the bread dough. In some machines they will
stay partially solid; in others, berries will marbleize the dough
. Bring all ingredients except berries to room temperature and pour
into bakery, in
order.
Set "baking control" at 10 o'clock. Select "white bread" and push Start.
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Add berries at beep.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Summer Vegetable Bread
Serving Size : 24 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Vegetables -- julienned bell
zucchini -- yellow sq
2 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
1 7/8 cups Bread flour
3/4 cup Whole wheat flour
3/4 cup Wheat bran
1 1/2 tablespoons Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
1 1/2 tablespoons Oil
1 1/2 tablespoons Soy sauce
1 cup Water
Cut vegetables by hand or food processor 30 minutes in advance. Drain
on paper towels or in colander.
Bring all ingredients except vegetables to room temperature and pour
into bakery, in order. Set "baking control" at 10 o'clock. Select
"white bread" and push Start. Add vegetables at beep.
When squash comes into season, this vegetable bread can make use of it
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immediately, for consuming that day, or the bread can be frozen.
In hot & humid weather, use 1/8 c less water.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sundried Tomato Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----FOR LARGE LOAF-----
3/4 cup Water - 80-85~ (1 1/4 c.)
1 3/4 cups Bread flour (2 1/2 c.)
1/4 cup Semolina (pasta flour) -- (1/2 c.)
1 tablespoon Sugar (1 1/2 Tbs.)
1 teaspoon Salt (1 1/2 tsp.)
1 tablespoon Butter or margarine (2 Tbs.)
1 teaspoon Fresh basil -- chopped
(1 1/2 tsp.)
3/4 teaspoon Fresh garlic -- minced (1 tsp)
1 1/2 tablespoons Sundried tomatoes * (3 Tbs.)
1 teaspoon SAF-Instant Yeast (1 1/2 -- tsp.)
* Prepare tomatoes as per package instructions.
Pat dry prior to chopping.
Follow the bread machine manufacturer's recommendations for proper
loading order of
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ingredients or:
1. Place ingredients into the mixing container in the above order.
2. Set bread machine for normal cycle, medium bake time.
3. When cycle is completed, let bread cool slightly.
4. Slice and enjoy!
No nutritional information available.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sunni's Spring Vegetable Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Vegetables
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/8 cup Milk
1/4 cup -water
1 Egg
1/2 cup Cottage cheese
3 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Butter
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 package Knorr Spring Vegetable
Soup mix
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Place all ingred in bread pan, select Light Crust setting, and press
Start.
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Note: I only tested the 1 1/2 lb recipe and only used one machine
. Watch the dough as it's mixing.
You may need to add 1 or 2 T more liquid if it seems too stiff and dry.
This is a tasty snacking bread and also marvelous with egg salad on it.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Swedish Limpa Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Holidays Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
1/4 cup (1 oz.) rye flour
2 tablespoons Brown sugar
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1 tablespoon Orange peel -- chopped
1 1/2 teaspoons Caraway seeds
1/2 teaspoon Fennel seed
7/8 cup (7-1/2 fl. oz.) water
1 teaspoon Dry yeast
Combine ingredients in order according to your own bread machine
instructions.
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Swedish Rye
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
1 C Water
4 Tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1/2 Tsp Salt
2 Tbsp Fennel Seed
1/4 C Sugar
1 1/2 C Rye Flour
1 1/2 C Bread Flour
2 tbsp Vital Gluten
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
1/3 C Mixed Fruit, Dried Or Candied
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
1 1/3 C Water
5 tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1 tsp Salt
2 1/2 tbsp Fennel Seed
1/3 C Sugar
2 C Rye Flour
2 C Bread Flour
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2 1/2 tbsp Vital Gluten
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
1/2 C Mixed Fruit, Dried Or Candied
Add the fruit at the beep or appropriate time for your machine.
CYCLE: wheat, white, sweet; no timer
SETTING: light to medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : Try using powdered fennel seed. The fennel may be adjusted to
taste.
Sweet & Sour Citrus Bread Abm
Serving Size : 24 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 3/4 teaspoons Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
3 tablespoons Wheat germ
3 tablespoons Wheat bran
1/3 cup Sugar
1/2 tablespoon Salt
2 teaspoons Orange peel -- grated
1 1/2 teaspoons Lemon peel -- grated
1 Eggs
3 tablespoons Butter
3/4 cup Sourdough starter
3/4 cup Water -- warm
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Bring all ingredients to room temperature and pour into bakery, in
order.
Set "baking control" at 10 o'clock. Select "white bread" and push Start.
In hot & humid weather, use 1/8 c less water.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sweet Potato Pecan Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 teaspoons Yeast
3 cups Bread flour
4 tablespoons Rolled oats
1/2 teaspoon Cinnamon
2 pinches Nutmeg
1 1/2 teaspoons Salt
2 tablespoons Brown sugar -- dark
3 tablespoons Powdered milk
3 tablespoons Butter or margarine
3/4 cup Sweet potatoes, cooked -- mashed
3/4 cup Water
3 tablespoons Raisins -- dark
1/3 cup Pecans -- chopped
Place all ingredients in machine and push start. Use raisin bread
cycle, adding
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fruit and nuts at beep.
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Taco Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 1/2 pound loaf
9 ounces Water
1 1/2 tablespoons Applesauce (oil)
2 tablespoons Sugar
1 teaspoon Salt
3/4 cup Cornmeal
1/4 cup Whole wheat flour
3 tablespoons Taco seasoning
2 cups Bread flour
1 1/2 teaspoons Yeast
Tastes like a taco...great with chili.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trapp Family Lodge Light Rye Bread (Abm)
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Serving Size : 6 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 teaspoon Yeast
1 cup + 2 Tbsp. warm water -- (105-115 degrees)
2 cups Bread flour
1 cup Dark rye flour
1/2 tablespoon Caraway seed
1/2 tablespoon Salt
1/2 tablespoon Molasses
1/2 tablespoon Vegetable oil
Add all ingredients to pot & push "Start". Adjust for wetness of
dryness.
(I had to add 2 Tbsp. flour.)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Vegetable Herb Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Abm
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 Lb-----
1 1/8 C Water
1 Tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1/3 C Onion -- diced
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1 1/2 Tsp Sugar
1 Tsp Salt
1 Tsp Black Pepper
1 Tsp Sage
2 tsp Thyme -- dried
1/3 C Celery Including Leafy Top -- diced
3 C Bread Flour
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
-----1 3/4 Lb-----
1 1/3 C Water
1 tbsp Butter Or Margarine
1/3 C Onion -- diced
2 tsp Sugar
1 tsp Salt
1 tsp Black Pepper
1 tsp Sage
2 tsp Thyme -- dried
1/2 C Celery Including Leafy Top -- diced
3 1/2 C Bread Flour
2 tsp Active Dry Yeast
CYCLE: white, sweet; no timer
SETTING: light to medium
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTES : It is a wonderful, spicy light-textured and colored bread which
the originator calls "Old-Fashioned Stuffing Bread" and uses for
leftover turkey sandwiches. Watch dough for moisture.
from my kitchen to------------------------------->yours.....
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Dan Klepach
... HELP!!!! This computer is taking over my life!!!!
___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
--- DB 1.39/004485
* Origin: The Diamond Bar BBS - 909-923-1031 - Ontario, CA (1:218/101)
Walnut Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1/4 cup Walnuts (1 oz) -- chopped
7/8 cup Water (7 1/2 fl.oz)
1 teaspoon Dry yeast
Timer OR Bake (Rapid) mode may be used. Place all ingredients
(except liquids and yeast) inside the bread pan. Add liquid ingredients.
Close cover and place dry yeast into the yeast holder. Press start.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Wheat & Honey Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Rolls
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
3/4 cup Whole wheat flour
2 1/2 cups Bread flour
1 teaspoon Salt
2 tablespoons Honey
1 Egg
1 cup Plus 1 T warm water
In the order listed; put all ingredients in pan, select white bread and
push
"start".
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Wheat-Wheat-Wheat Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breads Breadmaker
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
1 package Yeast
1/8 teaspoon Ginger
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2 1/2 cups Bread flour
1 1/4 cups Whole wheat flour
1/2 cup Wheat germ
1 teaspoon Salt
3 tablespoons Honey
1 can Evaporated milk (12 oz.)
2 tablespoons Salad oil
1/2 cup Cracked wheat
1/2 cup Boiling water
Put dry ingredients in first.
Cover the 1/2 cup cracked wheat with boiling water, stir, and let cool.
Then add cooled cracked wheat, select white bread and push start.
NOTE: Cracked wheat is available in health food stores.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Yogurt Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker Breads
Yeast
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Sugar
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
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1 tablespoon Butter
2 tablespoons Sesame seeds
1/2 cup Yogurt (4 1/2 oz)
1/2 cup Water
1 teaspoon Dry yeast
Bake (Rapid) mode may be used.
Place all ingredients (except liquids and yeast) inside the bread pan.
Add liquid ingredients. Close cover and place dry yeast into the yeast
holder.
Press start.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Yokrshire Spice Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Breadmaker
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
-----1 1/2 LB. LOAF-----
1 1/2 teaspoons Active dry yeast
1/2 teaspoon Cinnamon
2 1/2 cups + 2 tbsp. bread flour
1/2 teaspoon Nutmeg
1 tablespoon Dried orange peel
1/2 cup Powdered sugar
1 Egg
2 tablespoons Olive oil
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3 tablespoons Butter
1/2 tablespoon Maple syrup
3/4 cup Warm milk
1/2 cup Raisins
-----1 LB. LOAF-----
1 teaspoon Active dry yeast
1/2 teaspoon Cinnamon
1 3/4 cups Bread flour
1/2 teaspoon Nutmeg
2 teaspoons Dried orange peel
5 tablespoons Powdered sugar
1 Egg
4 teaspoons Olive oil
2 tablespoons Butter
1 teaspoon Maple syrup
1/2 cup Warm milk
1/4 cup Raisins
NOTES
1 For Panasonic/National -- machines, use 3 tsp.
for the 1 1/2 lb.loaf
2 You may add the raisins at -- the beginning or at
beep (if your machine -- has one).
A raisin-bread lover's favorite, this makes an excellent breakfast
bread.
Follow manufacturer's directions on loading your machine.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Zesty Pesto-Tomato Bread
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
Categories : Sun Dried Breadmaker
Breads
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
3/4 cup Lukewarm water (1C+2T)
2 cups Bread flour (3C)
1/4 cup Prepared Pesto (1/3C)
1/4 cup Sun-dried tomatoes -- softened
chopped (1/3C)
1 tablespoon Sugar (2T)
1 teaspoon Salt (1-1/2ts)
3/4 teaspoon Rapid Rise Yeast (1-1/4ts)
(Large loaf in parentheses).
Prepare regular loaf if your bread machine recipes typically call for 2
cups flour.
Prepare large loaf recipe if they typically call for 3 cups flour.
Measure all ingredients and place in bread machine pan in the
order that the b/m manufacturer suggests.
Select regular bake or rapid bake cycle. Per Slice CAL 80; FAT 2gr.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Zucchini Bread /ABM
Serving Size : 1 Preparation Time :0:00
150 of 151
Categories : Zucchini Bread* Automatic Breadmachine*
Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
-------- ------------ --------------------------------
2 1/4 cups Bread flour
1 tablespoon Dry milk
1 teaspoon Salt
1 tablespoon Butter
1/4 cup Walnuts (1 oz) -- chopped
1 teaspoon Cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon Ground cloves
3 tablespoons Zucchini -- grated
3/4 cup Water
1 teaspoon Dry yeast
Bake (Rapid) mode may be used. Place all ingredients (except liquids
and yeast)
inside the bread pan. Add liquid ingredients.
Close cover and place dry yeast into the yeast holder. Press start.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Washington's Farewell Address (1796)

2008-06-05T06:35:00.001-07:00

Friends and Fellow Citizens: The period for a new election of a
citizen, to administer the executive government of the United
States, being not far distant, and the time actually arrived,
when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who
is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me
proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct
expression of the public voice, that I should now apprise you
of the resolution I have formed to decline being considered
among the number of those out of whom a choice is to be made.

. . .

I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as well
as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of inclination
incompatible with the sentiment of duty or propriety; and am
persuaded, whatever partiality may be retained for my services,
that, in the present circumstances of our country, you will
not disapprove my determination to retire.

The impressions, with which I first undertook the arduous trust,
were explained on the proper occasion. In the discharge of this
trust, I will only say, that I have, with good intentions,
contributed toward the organization and administration of the
Government, the best exertions of which a very fallible judgement
was capable. Not unconscious, in the outset, of the inferiority
of my qualifications, experience in my own eyes, perhaps still
more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the motives to
diffidence of myself; and every day the increasing weight of
years admonishes me more and more, that the shade of retirement
is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Satisfied that
if any circumstances have given peculiar value to my services,
they were temporary, I have the consolation to believe, that
while choice and prudence invite me to quit the political
scene, patriotism does not forbid it.

. . .

Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a solicitude for your
welfare, which cannot end but with my life, and the apprehension
of danger, natural to that solicitude urge me on an occasion
like the present, to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to
recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments; which are
the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation,
and which appear to me all important to the permanency of your
felicity as a people. These will be offered to you with the more
freedom, as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings
of a parting friend, who can possibly have no personal motive
as his counsel.

. . .

Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of your
hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or
confirm the attachment.

The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also
now dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a main pillar in the
edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility
at home; your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity;
of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy
to foresee, that from different causes and from different quarters,
much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in
your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in
your political fortress against which the batteries of internal
and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though
often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite
moment, that you should properly estimate the immense value of
your national Union to your collective and individual happiness;
that you should cherish a cordial, habitual and immoveable
attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of
it as the palladium of your political safety and prosperity;
watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety;
discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that
it can in any event be abandoned, and indignantly frowning
upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion
of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties
which now link together the various parts.

For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest.
Citizens by birth or choice, of a common country, that country
has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of
'American', which belongs to you, in your national capacity,
must always exalt the just pride of patriotism, more than any
appelation derived from local discriminations. With slight
shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners,
habits and political principles. You have in a common cause
fought and triumphed together. The independence and liberty
you possess are the work of joint councils, and joint efforts;
of common dangers, sufferings and successes.

But these considerations, however powerfully they address
themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those
which apply more immediately to your interest. Here every
portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for
carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole.

The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South,
protected by the equal laws of a common Government, finds in
the production of the latter, great additional resources of
maritime and commercial enterprise and precious materials of
manufacturing industry. The South in the same intercourse,
benefitting by the agency of the North, sees its agriculture
grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own
channels the seamen of the North, it finds its particular
navigation envigorated; and while it contributes, in different
ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national
navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime
strength, to which itself is unequally adapted. The East, in
a like intercourse with the West, already finds, and in the
progressive improvement of interior communications, by land
and water, will more and more find a valuable vent for the
commodities which it brings from abroad, or manufactures at
home. The West derives from the East supplies requisite to
its growth and comfort, and what is perhaps of still greater
consequence, it must of necessity owe the secure enjoyment of
indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight,
influence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic
side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble community of
interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the West
can hold this essential advantage, whether derived from its
own separate strength, or from an apostate and unnatural
connection with any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious.

While then every part of our country thus feels an immediate and
particular interest in union, all the parts combined cannot fail
to find in the united mass of means and efforts greater strength,
greater resource, proportionably greater security from external
danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign
nations; and, what is of inestimable value, they must derive
from union an exemption from those broils and wars between
themselves, which so frequently afflict neighboring countries,
not tied together by the same government; which their own
rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, but which
opposite foreign alliances, attachments and intrigues would
stimulate and imbitter. Hence, likewise, they will avoid the
necessity of those overgrown military establishments which,
under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty and
which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican
liberty. In this sense it is that your union ought to be
considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that the love
of the one ought to endear you to the preservation of the other.

. . .

Is there a doubt whether a common government can embrace so large
a sphere? Let experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation
in such a case were criminal. It is well worth a fair and full
experiment. With such powerful and obvious motives to union
affecting all parts of our country, while experience shall not
have demonstrated its impracticability, there will always be
reason to distrust the patriotism of those who in any quarter
may endeavor to weaken its bands.

In contemplating the causes which may disturb our union, it
occurs as a matter of serious concern, that any ground should
have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical
discriminations: Northern and Southern; Atlantic and Western;
whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there
is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the
expedients of party to acquire influence, within particular
districts, is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other
districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the
jealousies and heart burnings which spring from these
misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each other
those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection.

. . .

To the efficacy and permanency of your union, a Government for
the whole is indispensable. No alliances however strict between
the parts can be an adequate substitute. They must inevitably
experience the infractions and interruptions which all alliances
in all times have experienced. Sensible of this momentous truth,
you have improved upon your first essay, by the adoption of a
Constitution of Government, better calculated than your former
for an intimate union, and for the efficacious management of your
common concerns. This Government, the offspring of your own choice
uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and
mature deliberation, completely free in its principles, in the
distribution of its powers, uniting security with energy, and
containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, has
a just claim to your confidence and your support. Respect for
its authority, compliance with its laws, acquiescence in its
measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of
true liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right
of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of
government. But the constitution which at any time exists till
changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people
is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and
the right of the people to establish government presupposes the
duty of every individual to obey the established government.

. . .

Toward the preservation of your government and the permanency of
your present happy state, it is requisite not only that you
steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged
authority, but also that you resist with care the spirit of
innovation upon its principles, however specious the pretexts.
One method of assault may be to effect in the forms of the
Constitution alterations which will impair the energy of the
system, and thus to undermine what cannot be directly overthrown.
In all the changes to which you may be invited remember that time
and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character of
governments as of other human institutions; that experience is
the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the
existing constitution of a country; that facility in changes
upon the crdit of mere hypothesis and opinion exposes to
perpetual change, from the endless variety of hypothesis and
opinion; and remember especially that for the efficient
management of your common interests in a country so extensive
as ours a government of as much vigor as is consistent with
the perfect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty
itself will find in such a government, with powers properly
distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. It is, indeed,
little else than a name where the government is too feeble
to withstand the enterprises of faction, to confine each
member of the society within the limits prescribed by the
laws, and to maintain all in the secure and tranquil
enjoyment of the rights of person and property.

I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the
State, with particular reference to the founding of them on
geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more
comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner
against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally.

This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature,
having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind.
It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or
less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but in those of the
popular form it is seen in its greatest rankness and is truly
their worst enemy.

. . .

It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble
the public administration. It agitates the community with
illfounded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity
of one part against another; foments occasionally riot and
insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and
corruption, which find a facilitated access to the government
itself through the channels of party passion. Thus the policy
and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and
will of another.

There is an opinion that parties in free countries are useful
checks upon the administration of government, and serve to keep
alive the spirit of liberty. This within certain limits is
probably true; and in governments of a monarchial cast
patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon
the spirit of party. But in those of the popular character, in
governments purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged.
From their natural tendency it is certain there will always be
enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose; and there
being constant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force
of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A fire not to be
quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting
into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume.

It is important, likewise, that the habits of thinking in a
free country should inspire caution in those intrusted with
its administration to confine themselves within their
respective constitutional spheres, avoiding in the exercise
of the powers of one department to encroach upon another.
The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers
of all the departments in one, and thus to create, whatever
the form of government, a real despotism.

. . .

If in the opinion of the people the distribution or modification
of the constitutional powers be in any particular wrong, let it
be corrected by an amendment in the way which the Constitution
designates. But let there be no change by usurpation; for though
this in one instance may be the instrument of good, it is the
customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed. The
precedent must always greatly overbalance in permanent evil any
partial or transient benefit which the use can at any time yield.

Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political
prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports.
In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism who
should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness
- these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens. The
mere politician, equally with the pious man, ought to respect
and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their
connections with private and public felicity. Let it simply
be asked, Where is the security for property, for reputation,
for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the
oaths which are the instruments of investigation in courts of
justice? And let us with caution indulge the supposition that
morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be
conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of
peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to
expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion
of religious principle.

It is substantially true that virtue or morality is a necessary
spring of popular government. The rule indeed extends with more
or less force to every species of free government. Who that is a
sincere friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to
shake the foundation of the fabric? Promote, then, as an object
of primary importance, institutions for the general diffusion of
knowledge. In proportion as the structure of a government gives
force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion
should be enlightened.

As a very important source of strength and security, cherish
public credit. One method of preserving it is to use it as
sparingly as possible, avoiding occasions of expense by
cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely
disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent
much greater disbursements to repel it; avoiding likewise
the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of
expense, but by exertions in time of peace to discharge the
debts which unavoidable wars have occasioned, not ungenerously
throwing upon posterity the burthen which we ourselves
ought to bear.

. . .

Observe good faith and justice toward all nations. Cultivate
peace and harmony with all. Religion and morality enjoin this
conduct. And can it be that good policy does not equally enjoin
it? It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and at no distant
period a great nation to give to mankind the magnanimous and too
novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and
benevolence. Who can doubt that in the course of time and things
the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary
advantage which might be lost by a steady adherence to it? Can
it be that Providence has not connected the permanent felicity
of a nation with its virtue? The experiment, at least, is
recommended by every sentiment which enobles human nature.
Alas! is it rendered impossible by its vices?

In the execution of such a plan nothing is more essential than
that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular
nations and passionate attachments for others should be
excluded, and that in place of them just and amicable feelings
toward all should be cultivated. The nation which indulges
toward another an habitual hatred or an habitual fondness is
in some degree a slave. It is a slave to its animosity or to
its affection, either of which is sufficient to lead it astray
from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation against
another disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury,
to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and
intractable when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur.

So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one nation for another
produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the favorite nation,
facilitating the illusion of an imaginary common interest in
cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into
one the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a
participation in the quarrles and wars of the latter without
adequate inducement or justification. It leads also to
concessions to the favorite nation of privileges denied to
others, which is apt doubly to injure the nation making the
concessions by unnecessarily parting with what ought to have
been retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill will, and a
disposition to retaliate in the parties from whom equal
privileges are withheld; and it gives to ambitious,
corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote themselves to the
favorite nation) facility to betray or sacrifice the interests
of their own country without odium, sometimes even with
popularity, gilding with the appearances of a virtuous sense
of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion,
or a laudable zeal for public good the base or foolish
compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation.

. . .

Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you
to believe me, fellow citizens) the jealousy of a free people
ought to be constantly awake, since history and experience prove
that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of
republican government. But that jealousy, to be useful, must
be impartial, else it becomes the instrument of the very influence
to be avoided, instead of a defense against it. Excessive
partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of
another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one
side, and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence
on the other. Real patriots who may resist the intrigues of the
favorite are liable to become suspected and odious, while its
tools and dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the people
to surrender their interests.

The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations
is, in extending our commercial relations to have with them as
little political connection as possible. So far as we have
already formed engagements let them be fulfilled with perfect
good faith. Here let us stop.

Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a
very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent
controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to
our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to
implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary
vicissitudes of her politics or the ordinary combinations
and collisions of her friendships or enmities.

Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to
pursue a different course. If we remain one people, under an
efficient government, the period is not far off when we may
defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take
such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any
time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when beligerent
nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon
us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we
may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice,
shall counsel.

Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation? Why quit
our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our
destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and
prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship,
interest, humor, or caprice?

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with
any portion of the foreign world, so far, I mean, as we are now
at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of
patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim
no less applicable to public than to private affairs that honesty
is always the best policy. I repeat, therefore, let those
engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But in my opinion
it is unnecessary and would be unwise to extend them.

Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments
on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to
temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies.

Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations are recommended
by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial
policy should hold an equal and impartial hand, neither seeking
nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the
natural course of things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle
means the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing; establishing
with powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable course,
to define the rights of our merchants, and to enable the
Government to support them, conventional rules of intercourse,
the best that present circumstances and mutual opinion will
permit, but temporary and liable to be from time to time
abandoned or varied as experience and circumstances shall
dictate; constantly keeping in view that it is folly in one
nation to look for disinterested favors from another; that it
must pay with a portion of its independence for whatever it may
accept under that character; that by such acceptance it may
place itself in the condition of having given equivalents for
nominal favors, and yet being reproached with ingratitude for
not giving more. There can be no greater error than to expect
or calculate upon real favors from nation to nation. It is an
illusion which experience must cure, which a just pride ought
to discard.

. . .

Though in reviewing the incidents of my Administration I am
unconscious of intentional error, I am nevertheless too
sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have
committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently
beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which
they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my
country will never cease to view them with indulgence, and
that, after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its service
with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will
be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the
mansions of rest.

Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and
actuated by that fervent love toward it which is so natural
to a man who views in it the native soil of himself and his
progenitors for several generations, I anticipate with pleasing
expectation that retreat in which I promise myself to realize
without alloy the sweet enjoyment of partaking in the midst
of my fellow-citizens the benign influence of good laws under
a free government - the ever-favorite object of my heart, and
the happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors
and dangers.

Geo. Washington.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789

The representatives of the French people, organized as a National
Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of
the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of
the corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a
solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of
man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all
the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of
their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative
power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared
at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political
institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order
that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple
and incontestable principles, shall tend to the maintenance of
the constitution and redound to the happiness of all. Therefore
the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence
and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights
of man and of the citizen:

Articles:

1 Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social
distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.

2 The aim of all political association is the preservation of
the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights
are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the
nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which
does not proceed directly from the nation.

4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which
injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights
of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other
members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These
limits can only be determined by law.

5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society.
Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no
one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.

6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has
a right to participate personally, or through his representative,
in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it
protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of
the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public
positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and
without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.

7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in
the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one
soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed,
any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned
or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as
resistance constitutes an offense.

8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are
strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer
punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law
passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.

9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been
declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all
harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's
person shall be severely repressed by law.

10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions,
including his religious views, provided their manifestation does
not disturb the public order established by law.

11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the
most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may,
accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall
be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be
defined by law.

12. The security of the rights of man and of the citizen
requires public military forces. These forces are, therefore,
established for the good of all and not for the personal
advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted.

13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance
of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This
should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in
proportion to their means.

14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally
or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public
contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is
put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of
collection and the duration of the taxes.

15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an
account of his administration.

16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured,
nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.

17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one
shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally
determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition
that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.

-------------------------------------

The above document was written by The Marquis de Lafayette,
with help from his friend and neighbor, American envoy to France,
Thomas Jefferson. Lafayette, you may recall, had come to the
Colonies at age 19, been commissioned a Major General, and was
instrumental in the defeat of the British during the American
Revolutionary War. He considered one special man his 'father':
George Washington.

French King Louis XVI signed this document, under duress, but
never intended to support it. Indeed, the Revolution in France
soon followed, leading to the tyrannical rule of Napolean
Bonaparte.

-------------------------------------

The Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

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BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

A PROCLAMATION

Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between
Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United
Netherlands, of the one part, and France on the other; and
the duty and interest of the United States require, that they
should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a
conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerant Powers;
I have therefore thought fit by these presents to declare
the disposition of the United States to observe the conduct
aforesaid towards those Powers respectfully; and to exhort and
warn the citizens of the United States carefully to avoid all
acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in any manner tend
to contravene such disposition.
And I do hereby also make known, that whatsoever of the
citizens of the United States shall render himself liable to
punishment or forfeiture under the law of nations, by
committing, aiding, or abetting hostilities against any of the
said Powers, or by carrying to any of them those articles which
are deemed contraband by the modern usage of nations, will not
receive the protection of the United States, against such
punishment or forfeiture; and further, that I have given
instructions to those officers, to whom it belongs, to cause
prosecutions to be instituted against all persons, who shall,
within the cognizance of the courts of the United States,
violate the law of nations, with respect to the Powers at war,
or any of them.
In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United
States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed
the same with my hand. Done at the city of Philadelphia, the
twenty-second day of April, one thousand seven hundred and
ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States of
America the seventeenth.

GEORGE WASHINGTON
April 22, 1793

-------------------------------------

France declared war against Great Britain and Holland
early in April, 1793. President Washington called a special
cabinet meeting, which resulted in this declaration of
neutrality.

-------------------------------------

The Munroe Doctrine

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The Monroe Doctrine was expressed during President Monroe's
seventh annual message to Congress, December 2, 1823:

. . . At the proposal of the Russian Imperial Government, made
through the minister of the Emperor residing here, a full power
and instructions have been transmitted to the minister of the
United States at St. Petersburg to arrange by amicable negotiation
the respective rights and interests of the two nations on the
northwest coast of this continent. A similar proposal has been
made by His Imperial Majesty to the Government of Great Britain,
which has likewise been acceded to. The Government of the United
States has been desirous by this friendly proceeding of manifesting
the great value which they have invariably attached to the
friendship of the Emperor and their solicitude to cultivate the
best understanding with his Government. In the discussions to
which this interest has given rise and in the arrangements by
which they may terminate the occasion has been judged proper for
asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of
the United States are involved, that the American continents, by
the free and independent condition which they have assumed and
maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for
future colonization by any European powers. . .

It was stated at the commencement of the last session that a great
effort was then making in Spain and Portugal to improve the
condition of the people of those countries, and that it appeared
to be conducted with extraordinary moderation. It need scarcely
be remarked that the results have been so far very different from
what was then anticipated. Of events in that quarter of the globe,
with which we have so much intercourse and from which we derive
our origin, we have always been anxious and interested spectators.
The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most
friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men
on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers
in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part,
nor does it comport with our policy to do so. It is only when our
rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we resent injuries
or make preparation for our defense. With the movements in this
hemisphere we are of necessity more immediately connected, and by
causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial
observers. The political system of the allied powers is essentially
different in this respect from that of America. This difference
proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments;
and to the defense of our own, which has been achieved by the loss
of so much blood and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their
most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled
felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore,
to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United
States and those powers to declare that we should consider any
attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of
this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the
existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have
not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments
who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose
independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles,
acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of
oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny,
by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation
of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. In the war
between those new Governments and Spain we declared our neutrality
at the time of their recognition, and to this we have adhered,
and shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall occur
which, in the judgement of the competent authorities of this
Government, shall make a corresponding change on the part of
the United States indispensable to their security.

The late events in Spain and Portugal shew that Europe is still
unsettled. Of this important fact no stronger proof can be adduced
than that the allied powers should have thought it proper, on
any principle satisfactory to themselves, to have interposed by
force in the internal concerns of Spain. To what extent such
interposition may be carried, on the same principle, is a question
in which all independent powers whose governments differ from
theirs are interested, even those most remote, and surely none
of them more so than the United States. Our policy in regard to
Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have
so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains
the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of
any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the
legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations
with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and
manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every
power, submitting to injuries from none. But in regard to those
continents circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different.
It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their
political system to any portion of either continent without
endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that
our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of
their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we
should behold such interposition in any form with indifference.
If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and
those new Governments, and their distance from each other, it must
be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true
policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves,
in hope that other powers will pursue the same course. . . .

-------------------------------------

The Mayflower Compact

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"In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the
Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the
Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender
of the Faith, e&.

Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement
of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and
Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern
parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and
mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant
and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick,
for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance
of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact,
constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances,
Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as
shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General
good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due
submission and obedience.

In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names
at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our
Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland,
the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth.
Anno Domini, 1620."

There followed the signatures of 41 of the 102 passengers,
37 of whom were members of the "Separatists" who were fleeing
religious persecution in Europe. This compact established the
first basis in the new world for written laws. Half the colony
failed to survive the first winter, but the remainder lived on
and prospered.

------------------------------------

The Magna Carta

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Preamble:
John, by the grace of God, king of England, lord
of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count
of Anjou, to the archbishop, bishops, abbots, earls,
barons, justiciaries, foresters, sheriffs, stewards,
servants, and to all his bailiffs and liege subjects,
greetings. Know that, having regard to God and for the
salvation of our soul, and those of all our ancestors
and heirs, and unto the honor of God and the advancement
of his holy Church and for the rectifying of our
realm, we have granted as underwritten by advice of our
venerable fathers, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury,
primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman
Church, Henry, archbishop of Dublin, William of London,
Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and Glastonbury,
Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester, William of
Coventry, Benedict of Rochester, bishops; of Master
Pandulf, subdeacon and member of the household of our
lord the Pope, of brother Aymeric (master of the
Knights of the Temple in England), and of the
illustrious men William Marshal, earl of Pembroke,
William, earl of Salisbury, William, earl of Warenne,
William, earl of Arundel, Alan of Galloway (constable
of Scotland), Waren Fitz Gerold, Peter Fitz Herbert,
Hubert De Burgh (seneschal of Poitou), Hugh de Neville,
Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset,
Philip d'Aubigny, Robert of Roppesley, John Marshal,
John Fitz Hugh, and others, our liegemen.
1. In the first place we have granted to God, and
by this our present charter confirmed for us and our
heirs forever that the English Church shall be free,
and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties
inviolate; and we will that it be thus observed; which
is apparent from this that the freedom of elections,
which is reckoned most important and very essential
to the English Church, we, of our pure and
unconstrained will, did grant, and did by our charter
confirm and did obtain the ratification of the same
from our lord, Pope Innocent III, before the quarrel
arose between us and our barons: and this we will
observe, and our will is that it be observed in good
faith by our heirs forever. We have also granted to
all freemen of our kingdom, for us and our heirs
forever, all the underwritten liberties, to be had
and held by them and their heirs, of us and our heirs
forever.
2. If any of our earls or barons, or others
holding of us in chief by military service shall have
died, and at the time of his death his heir shall be
full of age and owe "relief", he shall have his
inheritance by the old relief, to wit, the heir or heirs
of an earl, for the whole baroncy of an earl by L100;
the heir or heirs of a baron, L100 for a whole barony;
the heir or heirs of a knight, 100s, at most, and
whoever owes less let him give less, according to
the ancient custom of fees.
3. If, however, the heir of any one of the
aforesaid has been under age and in wardship, let him
have his inheritance without relief and without fine
when he comes of age.
4. The guardian of the land of an heir who is thus
under age, shall take from the land of the heir nothing
but reasonable produce, reasonable customs, and
reasonable services, and that without destruction or
waste of men or goods; and if we have committed the
wardship of the lands of any such minor to the sheriff,
or to any other who is responsible to us for its
issues, and he has made destruction or waster of what
he holds in wardship, we will take of him amends, and
the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet
men of that fee, who shall be responsible for the
issues to us or to him to whom we shall assign them;
and if we have given or sold the wardship of any such
land to anyone and he has therein made destruction or
waste, he shall lose that wardship, and it shall be
transferred to two lawful and discreet men of that
fief, who shall be responsible to us in like manner
as aforesaid.
5. The guardian, moreover, so long as he has the
wardship of the land, shall keep up the houses, parks,
fishponds, stanks, mills, and other things pertaining
to the land, out of the issues of the same land; and
he shall restore to the heir, when he has come to full
age, all his land, stocked with ploughs and wainage,
according as the season of husbandry shall require,
and the issues of the land can reasonable bear.
6. Heirs shall be married without disparagement,
yet so that before the marriage takes place the nearest
in blood to that heir shall have notice.
7. A widow, after the death of her husband, shall
forthwith and without difficulty have her marriage
portion and inheritance; nor shall she give anything
for her dower, or for her marriage portion, or for the
inheritance which her husband and she held on the day
of the death of that husband; and she may remain in
the house of her husband for forty days after his
death, within which time her dower shall be assigned
to her.
8. No widow shall be compelled to marry, so long
as she prefers to live without a husband; provided
always that she gives security not to marry without
our consent, if she holds of us, or without the
consent of the lord of whom she holds, if she holds
of another.
9. Neither we nor our bailiffs will seize any
land or rent for any debt, as long as the chattels of
the debtor are sufficient to repay the debt; nor shall
the sureties of the debtor be distrained so long as the
principal debtor is able to satisfy the debt; and if
the principal debtor shall fail to pay the debt, having
nothing wherewith to pay it, then the sureties shall
answer for the debt; and let them have the lands and
rents of the debtor, if they desire them, until they
are indemnified for the debt which they have paid for
him, unless the principal debtor can show proof that
he is discharged thereof as against the said sureties.
10. If one who has borrowed from the Jews any sum,
great or small, die before that loan be repaid, the
debt shall not bear interest while the heir is under
age, of whomsoever he may hold; and if the debt fall
into our hands, we will not take anything except the
principal sum contained in the bond.
11. And if anyone die indebted to the Jews, his
wife shall have her dower and pay nothing of that debt;
and if any children of the deceased are left under
age, necessaries shall be provided for them in keeping
with the holding of the deceased; and out of the
residue the debt shall be paid, reserving, however,
service due to feudal lords; in like manner let it be
done touching debts due to others than Jews.
12. No scutage not aid shall be imposed on our
kingdom, unless by common counsel of our kingdom,
except for ransoming our person, for making our eldest
son a knight, and for once marrying our eldest
daughter; and for these there shall not be levied more
than a reasonable aid. In like manner it shall be
done concerning aids from the city of London.
13. And the city of London shall have all it
ancient liberties and free customs, as well by land as
by water; furthermore, we decree and grant that all
other cities, boroughs, towns, and ports shall have
all their liberties and free customs.
14. And for obtaining the common counsel of the
kingdom anent the assessing of an aid (except in the
three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, we will cause
to be summoned the archbishops, bishops, abbots,
earls, and greater barons, severally by our letters;
and we will moveover cause to be summoned generally,
through our sheriffs and bailiffs, and others who hold
of us in chief, for a fixed date, namely, after the
expiry of at least forty days, and at a fixed place;
and in all letters of such summons we will specify
the reason of the summons. And when the summons has
thus been made, the business shall proceed on the day
appointed, according to the counsel of such as are
present, although not all who were summoned have come.
15. We will not for the future grant to anyone
license to take an aid from his own free tenants,
except to ransom his person, to make his eldest son a
knight, and once to marry his eldest daughter; and on
each of these occasions there shall be levied only a
reasonable aid.
16. No one shall be distrained for performance
of greater service for a knight's fee, or for any
other free tenement, than is due therefrom.
17. Common pleas shall not follow our court, but
shall be held in some fixed place.
18. Inquests of novel disseisin, of mort
d'ancestor, and of darrein presentment shall not be
held elsewhere than in their own county courts, and
that in manner following; We, or, if we should be out
of the realm, our chief justiciar, will send two
justiciaries through every county four times a year,
who shall alone with four knights of the county chosen
by the county, hold the said assizes in the county
court, on the day and in the place of meeting of that
court.
19. And if any of the said assizes cannot be
taken on the day of the county court, let there remain
of the knights and freeholders, who were present at the
county court on that day, as many as may be required
for the efficient making of judgments, according as the
business be more or less.
20. A freeman shall not be amerced for a slight
offense, except in accordance with the degree of the
offense; and for a grave offense he shall be amerced
in accordance with the gravity of the offense, yet
saving always his "contentment"; and a merchant in the
same way, saving his "merchandise"; and a villein shall
be amerced in the same way, saving his "wainage" if
they have fallen into our mercy: and none of the
aforesaid amercements shall be imposed except by the
oath of honest men of the neighborhood.
21. Earls and barons shall not be amerced except
through their peers, and only in accordance with the
degree of the offense.
22. A clerk shall not be amerced in respect of
his lay holding except after the manner of the others
aforesaid; further, he shall not be amerced in
accordance with the extent of his ecclesiastical
benefice.
23. No village or individual shall be compelled
to make bridges at river banks, except those who from
of old were legally bound to do so.
24. No sheriff, constable, coroners, or others of
our bailiffs, shall hold pleas of our Crown.
25. All counties, hundred, wapentakes, and
trithings (except our demesne manors) shall remain at
the old rents, and without any additional payment.
26. If anyone holding of us a lay fief shall die,
and our sheriff or bailiff shall exhibit our letters
patent of summons for a debt which the deceased owed
us, it shall be lawful for our sheriff or bailiff to attach
and enroll the chattels of the deceased, found upon the
lay fief, to the value of that debt, at the sight of
law worthy men, provided always that nothing whatever
be thence removed until the debt which is evident
shall be fully paid to us; and the residue shall be
left to the executors to fulfill the will of the
deceased; and if there be nothing due from him to us,
all the chattels shall go to the deceased, saving to
his wife and children their reasonable shares.
27. If any freeman shall die intestate, his
chattels shall be distributed by the hands of his
nearest kinsfolk and friends, under supervision of the
Church, saving to every one the debts which the
deceased owed to him.
28. No constable or other bailiff of ours shall
take corn or other provisions from anyone without
immediately tendering money therefor, unless he can
have postponement thereof by permission of the seller.
29. No constable shall compel any knight to give
money in lieu of castle-guard, when he is willing to
perform it in his own person, or (if he himself cannot
do it from any reasonable cause) then by another
responsible man. Further, if we have led or sent him
upon military service, he shall be relieved from guard
in proportion to the time during which he has been on
service because of us.
30. No sheriff or bailiff of ours, or other
person, shall take the horses or carts of any freeman
for transport duty, against the will of the said
freeman.
31. Neither we nor our bailiffs shall take, for
our castles or for any other work of ours, wood which
is not ours, against the will of the owner of that
wood.
32. We will not retain beyond one year and one
day, the lands those who have been convicted of felony,
and the lands shall thereafter be handed over to the
lords of the fiefs.
33. All kydells for the future shall be removed
altogether from Thames and Medway, and throughout all
England, except upon the seashore.
34. The writ which is called praecipe shall not
for the future be issued to anyone, regarding any
tenement whereby a freeman may lose his court.
35. Let there be one measure of wine throughout
our whole realm; and one measure of ale; and one
measure of corn, to wit, "the London quarter"; and one
width of cloth (whether dyed, or russet, or
"halberget"), to wit, two ells within the selvedges;
of weights also let it be as of measures.
36. Nothing in future shall be given or taken for
a writ of inquisition of life or limbs, but freely it
shall be granted, and never denied.
37. If anyone holds of us by fee-farm, either
by socage or by burage, or of any other land by knight's
service, we will not (by reason of that fee-farm,
socage, or burgage), have the wardship of the
heir, or of such land of his as if of the fief of that
other; nor shall we have wardship of that fee-farm,
socage, or burgage, unless such fee-farm owes knight's
service. We will not by reason of any small serjeancy
which anyone may hold of us by the service of
rendering to us knives, arrows, or the like, have
wardship of his heir or of the land which he holds
of another lord by knight's service.
38. No bailiff for the future shall, upon his
own unsupported complaint, put anyone to his "law",
without credible witnesses brought for this purposes.
39. No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned
or disseised or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor
will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the
lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
40. To no one will we sell, to no one will we
refuse or delay, right or justice.
41. All merchants shall have safe and secure exit
from England, and entry to England, with the right to
tarry there and to move about as well by land as by
water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right
customs, quit from all evil tolls, except (in time of
war) such merchants as are of the land at war with us.
And if such are found in our land at the beginning of
the war, they shall be detained, without injury to
their bodies or goods, until information be received by
us, or by our chief justiciar, how the merchants of our
land found in the land at war with us are treated; and
if our men are safe there, the others shall be safe in
our land.
42. It shall be lawful in future for anyone
(excepting always those imprisoned or outlawed in
accordance with the law of the kingdom, and natives of
any country at war with us, and merchants, who shall be
treated as if above provided) to leave our kingdom and
to return, safe and secure by land and water, except
for a short period in time of war, on grounds of public
policy- reserving always the allegiance due to us.
43. If anyone holding of some escheat (such as the
honor of Wallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster,
or of other escheats which are in our hands and are
baronies) shall die, his heir shall give no other
relief, and perform no other service to us than he
would have done to the baron if that barony had been
in the baron's hand; and we shall hold it in the same
manner in which the baron held it.
44. Men who dwell without the forest need not
henceforth come before our justiciaries of the forest
upon a general summons, unless they are in plea, or
sureties of one or more, who are attached for the forest.
45. We will appoint as justices, constables,
sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as know the law of the
realm and mean to observe it well.
46. All barons who have founded abbeys, concerning
which they hold charters from the kings of England, or
of which they have long continued possession, shall
have the wardship of them, when vacant, as they ought
to have.
47. All forests that have been made such in our
time shall forthwith be disafforsted; and a similar
course shall be followed with regard to river banks
that have been placed "in defense" by us in our time.
48. All evil customs connected with forests and
warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their
officers, river banks and their wardens, shall
immediately by inquired into in each county by twelve
sworn knights of the same county chosen by the honest
men of the same county, and shall, within forty days of
the said inquest, be utterly abolished, so as never to
be restored, provided always that we previously have
intimation thereof, or our justiciar, if we should not
be in England.
49. We will immediately restore all hostages and
charters delivered to us by Englishmen, as sureties of
the peace of faithful service.
50. We will entirely remove from their
bailiwicks, the relations of Gerard of Athee (so that
in future they shall have no bailiwick in England);
namely, Engelard of Cigogne, Peter, Guy, and Andrew of
Chanceaux, Guy of Cigogne, Geoffrey of Martigny with
his brothers, Philip Mark with his brothers and his
nephew Geoffrey, and the whole brood of the same.
51. As soon as peace is restored, we will banish
from the kingdom all foreign born knights, crossbowmen,
serjeants, and mercenary soldiers who have come with
horses and arms to the kingdom's hurt.
52. If anyone has been dispossessed or removed by
us, without the legal judgment of his peers, from his
lands, castles, franchises, or from his right, we will
immediately restore them to him; and if a dispute arise
over this, then let it be decided by the five and
twenty barons of whom mention is made below in the
clause for securing the peace. Moreover, for all
those possessions, from which anyone has, without the
lawful judgment of his peers, been disseised or
removed, by our father, King Henry, or by our brother,
King Richard, and which we retain in our hand (or which
as possessed by others, to whom we are bound to warrant
them) we shall have respite until the usual term of
crusaders; excepting those things about which a plea
has been raised, or an inquest made by our order,
before our taking of the cross; but as soon as we return
from the expedition, we will immediately grant full
justice therein.
53. We shall have, moreover, the same respite and
in the same manner in rendering justice concerning the
disafforestation or retention of those forests which
Henry our father and Richard our brother afforested,
and concerning the wardship of lands which are of the
fief of another (namely, such wardships as we have
hitherto had by reason of a fief which anyone held of
us by knight's service), and concerning abbeys founded
on other fiefs than our own, in which the lord of the
fee claims to have right; and when we have returned,
or if we desist from our expedition, we will
immediately grant full justice to all who complain of
such things.
54. No one shall be arrested or imprisoned upon
the appeal of a woman, for the death of any other than
her husband.
55. All fines made with us unjustly and against
the law of the land, and all amercements, imposed
unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be
entirely remitted, or else it shall be done concerning
them according to the decision of the five and twenty
barons whom mention is made below in the clause for
securing the pease, or according to the judgment of
the majority of the same, along with the aforesaid
Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be
present, and such others as he may wish to bring with
him for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the
business shall nevertheless proceed without him,
provided always that if any one or more of the
aforesaid five and twenty barons are in a similar
suit, they shall be removed as far as concerns this
particular judgment, others being substituted in
their places after having been selected by the rest
of the same five and twenty for this purpose only, and
after having been sworn.
56. If we have disseised or removed Welshmen from
lands or liberties, or other things, without the
legal judgment of their peers in England or in Wales,
they shall be immediately restored to them; and if a
dispute arise over this, then let it be decided in the
marches by the judgment of their peers; for the
tenements in England according to the law of England,
for tenements in Wales according to the law of Wales,
and for tenements in the marches according to the law
of the marches. Welshmen shall do the same to us and
ours.
57. Further, for all those possessions from which
any Welshman has, without the lawful judgment of his
peers, been disseised or removed by King Henry our
father, or King Richard our brother, and which we
retain in our hand (or which are possessed by others,
and which we ought to warrant), we will have respite
until the usual term of crusaders; excepting
those things about which a plea has been raised or an
inquest made by our order before we took the cross; but
as soon as we return (or if perchance we desist from
our expedition), we will immediately grant full
justice in accordance with the laws of the Welsh and in
relation to the foresaid regions.
58. We will immediately give up the son of
Llywelyn and all the hostages of Wales, and the
charters delivered to us as security for the peace.
59. We will do towards Alexander, king of Scots,
concerning the return of his sisters and his hostages,
and concerning his franchises, and his right, in the
same manner as we shall do towards our owher barons of
England, unless it ought to be otherwise according to
the charters which we hold from William his father,
formerly king of Scots; and this shall be according to
the judgment of his peers in our court.
60. Moreover, all these aforesaid customs and
liberties, the observances of which we have granted
in our kingdom as far as pertains to us towards our
men, shall be observed b all of our kingdom, as well
clergy as laymen, as far as pertains to them towards
their men.
61. Since, moveover, for God and the amendment
of our kingdom and for the better allaying of the
quarrel that has arisen between us and our barons,
we have granted all these concessions, desirous that
they should enjoy them in complete and firm endurance
forever, we give and grant to them the underwritten
security, namely, that the barons choose five and
twenty barons of the kingdom, whomsoever they will,
who shall be bound with all their might, to observe and
hold, and cause to be observed, the peace and liberties
we have granted and confirmed to them by this our
present Charter, so that if we, or our justiciar, or
our bailiffs or any one of our officers, shall in
anything be at fault towards anyone, or shall have
broken any one of the articles of this peace or of
this security, and the offense be notified to four
barons of the foresaid five and twenty, the said
four barons shall repair to us (or our justiciar, if
we are out of the realm) and, laying the transgression
before us, petition to have that transgression
redressed without delay. And if we shall not have
corrected the transgression (or, in the event of our
being out of the realm, if our justiciar shall not
have corrected it) within forty days, reckoning from
the time it has been intimated to us (or to our
justiciar, if we should be out of the realm), the
four barons aforesaid shall refer that matter to the
rest of the five and twenty barons, and those five
and twenty barons shall, together with the community
of the whole realm, distrain and distress us in all
possible ways, namely, by seizing our castles,
lands, possessions, and in any other way they can,
until redress has been obtained as they deem fit,
saving harmless our own person, and the persons of our
queen and children; and when redress has been obtained,
they shall resume their old relations towards us. And
let whoever in the country desires it, swear to obey
the orders of the said five and twenty barons for the
execution of all the aforesaid matters, and along with
them, to molest us to the utmost of his power; and we
publicly and freely grant leave to everyone who wishes
to swear, and we shall never forbid anyone to swear.
All those, moveover, in the land who of themselves and
of their own accord are unwilling to swear to the
twenty five to help them in constraining and molesting
us, we shall by our command compel the same to swear to
the effect foresaid. And if any one of the five and
twenty barons shall have died or departed from the
land, or be incapacitated in any other manner which
would prevent the foresaid provisions being carried
out, those of the said twenty five barons who are left
shall choose another in his place according to their
own judgment, and he shall be sworn in the same way as
the others. Further, in all matters, the execution of
which is entrusted,to these twenty five barons, if
perchance these twenty five are present and disagree
about anything, or if some of them, after being
summoned, are unwilling or unable to be present, that
which the majority of those present ordain or command
shall be held as fixed and established, exactly as if
the whole twenty five had concurred in this; and the
said twenty five shall swear that they will faithfully
observe all that is aforesaid, and cause it to be
observed with all their might. And we shall procure
nothing from anyone, directly or indirectly, whereby any
part of these concessions and liberties might be
revoked or diminished; and if any such things has been
procured, let it be void and null, and we shall never
use it personally or by another.
62. And all the will, hatreds, and bitterness that
have arisen between us and our men, clergy and lay,
from the date of the quarrel, we have completely
remitted and pardoned to everyone. Moreover, all
trespasses occasioned by the said quarrel, from Easter
in the sixteenth year of our reign till the restoration
of peace, we have fully remitted to all, both clergy
and laymen, and completely forgiven, as far as
pertains to us. And on this head, we have caused to
be made for them letters testimonial patent of the
lord Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, of the lord
Henry, archbishop of Dublin, of the bishops aforesaid,
and of Master Pandulf as touching this security and
the concessions aforesaid.
63. Wherefore we will and firmly order that
the English Church be free, and that the men in our
kingdom have and hold all the aforesaid liberties,
rights, and concessions, well and peaceably, freely
and quietly, fully and wholly, for themselves and their
heirs, of us and our heirs, in all respects and in all
places forever, as is aforesaid. An oath, moreover,
has been taken, as well on our part as on the art of
the barons, that all these conditions aforesaid shall
be kept in good faith and without evil intent. Given
under our hand - the above named and many others being
witnesses - in the meadow which is called Runnymede,
between Windsor and Staines, on the fifteenth day of
June, in the seventeenth year of our reign.

Thomas Jefferson's First Inaugural Address

2008-06-05T06:28:00.000-07:00

Called upon to undertake the duties of the first
executive office of our country, I avail myself of the
presence of that portion of my fellow citizens which
is here assembled to express my grateful thanks for
the favor with which they have been pleased to look
toward me, to declare a sincere consciousness that the
task is above my talents, and that I approach it with
those anxious and awful presentiments which the
greatness of the charge and the weakness of my powers
so justly inspire. A rising nation, spread over a
wide and fruitful land, traversing all the seas with
the rich productions of their industry, engaged in
commerce with nations who feel power and forget right,
advancing rapidly to destinies beyond the reach of
mortal eye, when I contemplate these transcendent
objects, and see the honor, the happiness, and the
hopes of this beloved country committed to the issue,
and the auspices of this day, I shrink from the
contemplation, and humble myself before the magnitude
of the undertaking. Utterly, indeed, should I despair
did not the presence of many whom I see here remind me
that in the other high authorities provided by our
Constitution I shall find resources of wisdom, of
virtue, and of zeal on which to rely under all
difficulties. To you, then, gentlemen, who are
charged with the sovereign functions of legislation,
and to those associate with you, I look with
encouragement for that guidance and support which may
enable us to steer with safety the vessel in which we
are all embarked amidst the conflicting elements of a
troubled world.
During the contest of opinion through which we
have passed the animation of discussions and of
exertions has sometimes worn an aspect which might
impose on strangers unused to think freely and to speak
and to write what they think; but this being now
decided by the voice of the nation, announced according
to the rules of the Constitution, all will of course
arrange themselves under the will of the law, and unite
in common efforts for the common good. All, too, will
bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the
will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that
will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the
minority possesses their equal rights, which equal law
must protect, and to violate would be oppression. Let
us, then, fellow citizens, unite with one heart and
one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that
harmony and affection without which liberty and even
life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect
that, having banished from our land that religious
intolerance under which mankind so long bled and
suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance
a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and
capable of as bitter and bloody persecutions. During
the throes and convulsions of the ancient world, during
the agonizing spasms of infuriated man, seeking through
blood and slaughter his long lost liberty, it was not
wonderful that the agitation of the billows should
reach even this distant and peaceful shore; that this
should be more felt and feared by some and less by
others, and should divide opinions as to measures of
safety. But every difference of opinion is not a
difference of principle. We have called by different
names brethren of the same principle. We are all
republicans, we are all federalists. If there be any
among us who would wish to dissolve the Union or to
change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed
as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion
may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat
it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that a
republican government can not be strong, that this
Government is not strong enough; but would the honest
patriot, in the full tide of successful experiment,
abandon a government which has so far kept us free and
firm on the theoretic and visionary fear that this
Government, the world's best hope, may by possibility
want energy to preserve itself? I trust not. I
believe this, on the contrary, the strongest Government
on earth. I believe it the only one where every man,
at the call of the law, would fly to the standard of
the law, and would meet invasions of the public order
as his own personal concern. Sometimes it is said that
man cannot be trusted with the government of himself.
Can he, then, be trusted with the government of others?
Or have we found angels in the forms of kings to govern
him? Let history answer this question.
Let us, then, with courage and confidence pursue
our own Federal and Republican principles, our
attachment to union and representative government.
Kindly separated by nature and a wide ocean from the
exterminating havoc of one quarter of the globe; too
high-minded to endure the degradations of the others;
possessing a chosen country, with room enough for our
descendants to the thousandth and thousandth
generation; entertaining a due sense of our equal right
to the use of our own faculties, to the acquisitions of
our own industry, to honor and confidence from our
fellow citizens, resulting not from birth, but from our
actions and their sense of them; enlightened by a
benign religion, professed, indeed, and practiced in
various forms, yet all of them inculcating honesty,
truth, temperance, gratitude, and the love of man;
acknowledging and adoring an overruling Providence,
which by all its dispensations proves that it delights
in the happiness of man here and his greater happiness
hereafter, with all these blessings, what more is
necessary to make us a happy and a prosperous people?
Still one thing more, fellow citizens, a wise and
frugal Government, which shall restrain men from
injuring one another, shall leave them otherwise free
to regulate their own pursuits of industry and
improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor
the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good
government, and this is necessary to close the circle
of our felicities.
About to enter, fellow citizens, on the exercise
of duties which comprehend everything dear and valuable
to you, it is proper you should understand what I deem
the essential principles of our Government, and
consequently those which ought to shape its
Administration. I will compress them within the
narrowest compass they will bear, stating the general
principle, but not all its limitations. Equal and
exact justice to all men, of whatever state or
persuasion, religious or political; peace, commerce,
and honest friendship with all nations, entangling
alliances with none; the support of the State
governments in all their rights, as the most competent
administrations for our domestic concerns and the
surest bulwarks against anti-republican tendencies; the
preservation of the General Government in its whole
constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace
at home and safety abroad; a jealous care of the right
of election by the people, a mild and safe corrective
of abuses which are lopped by the sword of revolution
where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute
acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the
vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal
but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent
of despotism; a well disciplined militia, our best
reliance in peace and for the first moments of war,
till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the
civil over the military authority; economy in the public
expense, that labor may be lightly burthened; the honest
payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the
public faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of
commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information
and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public
reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press, and
freedom of person under the protection of the habeas
corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected.
These principles form the bright constellation which
has gone before us and guided our steps through an age
of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our
sages and blood of our heroes have been devoted to
their attainment. They should be the creed of our
political faith, the text of civic instruction, the
touchstone by which to try the services of those we
trust; and should we wander from them in moments of
error or of alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps
and to regain the road which alone leads to peace,
liberty, and safety.
I repair, then, fellow citizens, to the post you
have assigned me. With experience enough in
subordinate offices to have seen the difficulties of
this the greatest of all, I have learnt to expect that
it will rarely fall to the lot of imperfect man to
retire from this station with the reputation and the
favor which bring him into it. Without pretensions to
that high confidence you reposed in our first and
greatest revolutionary character, whose preeminent
services had entitled him to the first place in his
country's love and destined for him the fairest page
in the volume of faithful history, I ask so much
confidence only as may give firmness and effect to the
legal administration of your affairs. I shall often go
wrong through defect of judgment. When right, I shall
often be thought wrong by those whose positions will
not command a view of the whole ground. I ask your
indulgence for my own errors, which will never be
intentional, and your support against the errors of
others, who may condemn what they would not if seen in
all its parts. The approbation implied by your
suffrage is a great consolation to me for the past, and
my future solicitude will be to retain the good opinion
of those who have bestowed it in advance, to conciliate
that of others by doing them all the good in my power,
and to be instrumental to the happiness and freedom of
all.
Relying, then, on the patronage of your good will,
I advance with obedience to the work, ready to retire
from it whenever you become sensible how much better
choice it is in your power to make. And may that
Infinite Power which rules the destinies of the
universe lead our councils to what is best, and give
them a favorable issue for your peace and prosperity.

-

The Japanse Surrender Document - WWII

2008-06-05T06:27:00.000-07:00

TRANSLATION of Foreign Minister Shiegemitsu's credentials

TRANSLATION

H I R O H I T O ,

By the Grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the
Throne occupied by the same Dynasty changeless through ages
eternal,

To all who these Presents shall come, Greeting!

We do hereby authorise Mamoru Shigemitsu, Zyosanmi, First
Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun to attach his
signature by command and in behalf of Ourselves and Our
Government unto the Instrument of Surrender which is required
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be signed.

In witness whereof, We have hereunto set Our signature and
caused the Great Seal of the Empire to be affixed.

Given at Our Palace in Tokyo, this first day of the ninth
month of the twentieth year of Syowa, being the two thousand
six hundred and fifth year from the Accession of the Emperor
Zinmu.

..
Seal of
the Signed: H I R O H I T O
Empire
!!

Countersigned: Naruhiko-o
Prime Minister
---------------------------------------
TRANSLATION of General Umezu's credentials

TRANSLATION

H I R O H I T O ,

By the Grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the
Throne occupied by the same Dynasty changeless through ages
eternal,

To all who these Presents shall come, Greeting!

We do hereby authorise Yoshijiro Umezu, Zyosanmi, First
Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun to attach his
signature by command and in behalf of Ourselves and Our
Government unto the Instrument of Surrender which is required
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be signed.

In witness whereof, We have hereunto set Our signature and
caused the Great Seal of the Empire to be affixed.

Given at Our Palace in Tokyo, this first day of the ninth
month of the twentieth year of Syowa, being the two thousand
six hundred and fifth year from the Accession of the Emperor
Zinmu.

..
Seal of
the Signed: H I R O H I T O
Empire
!!

Countersigned: Yoshijiro Umezu
Chief of the General
Staff of the Imperial
Japanese Army

Soemu Toyoda
Chief of the General
Staff of the Imperial
Japanese Army
---------------------------------------
I N S T R U M E N T O F S U R R E N D E R

We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of
Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General
Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the
declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United
States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and
subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied
Powers.

We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied
Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all
Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese
control wherever situated.

We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and
the Japanese people to cease hostilites forthwith, to preserve
and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil
property and to comply with all requirements which my be imposed
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of
the Japanese Government at his direction.

We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue
at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all
forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender un-
conditionally themselves and all forces under their control.

We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to
obey and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to ef-
fectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority
and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to
continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically
relieved by him or under his authority.

We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government
and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam
Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take
whatever actions may be required by the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Poers or by any other designated representative of the
Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.

We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all
allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese
control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and
immediate transportation to places as directed.

The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to
rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to ef-
fectuate these terms of surrender.

Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0904 I
on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945

MAMORU SHIGMITSU
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor
of Japan and the Japanese Government

YOSHIJIRO UMEZU
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese
Imperial General Headquarters

Accepted at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0903 I
on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945,
for the United States, Republic of China, United Kingdom and the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and in the interests of the
other United Nations at war with Japan.

DOUGLAS MAC ARTHUR
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers

C.W. NIMITZ
United States Representative

HSU YUNG-CH'ANG
Republic of China Representative

BRUCE FRASER
United Kingdom Representative

KUZMA DEREVYANKO
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics Representative

THOMAS BLAMEY
Commonwealth of Australia
Representative

L. MOORE COSGRAVE
Dominion of Canada Representative

JACQUES LE CLERC
Provisional Government of the French
Republic Representative

C.E.L. HELFRICH
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Representative

LEONARD M. ISITT
Dominion of New Zealand Representative
---------------------------------------

Translation of Emperor Hirohito's Receipt of the Surrender
documents

P R O C L A M A T I O N

Accepting the terms set forth in the Declaration issued
by the heads of the Governments of the United States, Great
Britain, and China on July 26th, 1945 at Potsdam and subse-
quently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
We have commanded the Japanese Imperial Government and the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to sign on Our behalf
the Instrument of Surrender presented by the Supreme Commander
for the Allied Powers and to issue General Orders to the Military
and Naval Forces in accordance with the direction of the
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. We command all Our
people forthwith to cease hostilities, to lay down their arms
and faithfully to carry out all the provisions of Instrument
of Surrender and the General Orders issued by the Japanese
Imperial General Headquarters hereunder.

This second day of the ninth month of the twentieth
year of Syowa

..
Seal of
the Signed: H I R O H I T O
Emperor
!!

Countersigned: Naruhiko-o
Prime Minister
Mamoru Shigemitsu
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Iwao Yamazaki
Minister of Home Affairs
Juichi Tsushima
Minister of Finance
Sadamu Shimomura
Minister of War
Mitsumasa Yonai
Minister of Navy
Chuzo Iwata
Minister of Justice
Tamon Maeda
Minister of Education
Kenzo Matsumura
Minister of Welfare
Kotaro Sengoku
Minister of Agriculture
and Forestry
Chikuhei Nakajima
Minister of Commerce
and Industry
Naoto Kobiyama
Minister of Transportation
Fumimaro Konoe
Minister without Portfolio
Taketora Ogata
Minister without Portfolio
Binshiro Obata
Minister without Portfolio
---------------------------------------

INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER
of the
Japanese and Japanese-Controlled Armed Forces
in the Philippine Islands
to the
Commanding General
United States Army Forces, Western Pacific

Camp John Hay
Baguio, Mountain Province,
Luzon, Philippine, Islands
3 September, 1945

Pursuant to and in accordance with the proclamation of the
Emperor of Japan accepting the terms set forth in the declaration
issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States,
Great Britain, and China on 26 July 1945; at Potsdam and sub-
sequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;
and to the formal instrument of surrender of the Japanese Imperial
Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters signed
at Toyko Bay at 0908 on 2 September 1945:

1. Acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of
Japan, the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial
General Headquarters, We hereby surrender unconditionally to the
Commanding General, United States Army Forces, Western Pacific,
all Japanese and Japanese-controlled armed forces, air, sea, ground
and auxiliary, in the Philippine Islands.

2. We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated in
the Philippine Islands to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve
and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil
property, and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed
by the Commanding General, United States Army Forces, Western
Pacific, or his authorized representatives.

3. We hereby direct the commanders of all Japanese forces
in the Philippine Islands to issue at once to all forces under their
command to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under
their control, as prisoners of war, to the nearest United States
Force Commander.

4. We hereby direct the commanders of all Japanese forces
in the Philippine Islands to surrender intact and in good order
to the nearest United States Army Force Commander, at times and
at places directed by him, all equipment and supplies of whatever
nature under their control.

5. We hereby direct the commanders of all Japanese forces in
the Philippine Islands at once to liberate all Allied prisoners of
war and civilian internees under their control, and to provide for
their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to
places as directed by the nearest United States Army Force Commander.

6. We hereby undertake to transmit the directives given in
Paragraphs 1 through 5, above, to all Japanese forces in the Philip-
pine Islands immediatlely by all means within our power, and further
to furnish to the Commanding General, United States Army Forces,
Western Pacific, all necessary Japanese emissaries fully empowered
to bring about the surrender of Japanese forces in the Philippine
Islands with whom we are not in contact.

7. We hereby undertake to furnish immediatly to the Commanding
General, United States Army Forces, Western Pacific, a statement of
the designation, numbers, loacations, and commanders of all Japanese
armed forces, ground, sea, or air, in the Philippine Islands.

8. We hereby undertake faithfully to obey all further pro-
clamation, orders and directives deemed by the Commanding General,
United States Armed Forces, Western Pacific, to be proper to ef-
fecuate this surrender.

Signed at Camp John Hay, Baguio, Mountain Province, Luzon,
Philippine Islands, at 1210 hours 3 September 1945:

TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA, DENHICI OKOCHI,
General, Imperial Japanese Vice Admiral, Imperial Japanese
Army Highest Commander, Navy, Highest Commander,
Imperial Japanese Army in Imperial Japanese Navy in the
the Philippines. Philippines.

By command and in behalf
of the Japanese Imperial
General Headquarters

Accepted at Camp John Hay, Baguio, Mountain Province Luzon
Philippine Islands, at 1210 hours 3 September 1945:
For the Commander-in-Chief, United States Army Forces, Pacific:

EDMOND H. LEAVY,
Major General, USA
Deputy Commander, United States Army Forces,
Western Pacific.
---------------------------------------
UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN KOREA

HEADQUARTERS XXIV CORPS

OFFICE OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL
APO 235 c/o POSTMASTER
SAN FRANSICO, CALIFORNIA

FORMAL SURRENDER BY THE SENIOR JAPANESE GROUND,
SEA, AIR AND AUXILIARY FORCES COMMANDS WITHIN
KOREA SOUTH OF 38 NORTH LATITUDE TO THE COM-
MANDING GENERAL, UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN
KOREA, FOR AND IN BEHALF OF THE COMMANDER-IN-
CHIEF UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES, PAFIFIC

WHEREAS an Instrument of Surrender was on the 2d day of
September 1945 by command of and behalf of the Emperor of
Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial Head-
quarters signed by Foreign Minister Mamouru Shigemitsu by com-
mand and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese
Government and by Yoshijiro Umezu by command of and in behalf
of the Japanese Imperial Headquaters and

WHEREAS the terms of the Instrument of Surrender were
subsequently as follows:

"1. We, acting by command of an in behalf of the Emperor of
Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General
Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the
declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United
States, China, and Great Britian on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and
subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied
Powers.

"2. We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the
Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and
of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the
Japanese control wherever situated.

"3. We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated
and the Japanese people to cease hostilites forthwith, to preserve
and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil
property and to comply with all requirements which my be imposed
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of
the Japanese Government at his direction.

"4. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to
issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and
all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender
unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control.

"5. We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to
obey and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed
by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to ef-
fectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority
and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to
continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically
relieved by him or under his authority.

"6. We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government
and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam
Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take
whatever actions may be required by the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the
Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.

"7. We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all
allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese
control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and
immediate transportation to places as directed.

"8. The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to
rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to ef-
fectuate these terms of surrender.

WHEREAS the terms of surrender were, on the 2d day of September
1945 as given by the United States, the Republic of China, the
United Kingdom, the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics and other
allied powers, accepted by the Imperial Japanese Government, and

WHEREAS on the 2d day of September 1945 the Imperial General
Headquarters by direction of the Emperor has ordered all its
commanders in Japan and abroad to cause the Japanese Armed Forces
and Japanese controlled forces under their command to cease
hostilities at once, to lay down their arms and remain in their
present locations and to surrender unconditionally to commanders
acting in behalf of the United States, the Republic of China, the
United Kingdom, the British Empire and the Union of Socialist Rep-
ublics, and

WHEREAS the Imperial General Headquarters, its senior commanders
and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the main islands
of Japan, minor islands adjacent thereto, Korea south of 38 north
latitude and the Philippines were directed to surrender to the
Commmander-in-Chief of the United States Army Forces, Pacific and

WHEREAS the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army
Forces, Pacific has appointed the Commanding General, XXIV
Corps as the Command General, United States Army Forces in
Korea, and has directed him as such to act for the Commander-
in-Chief United States Army Forces, Pacific in the reception of
the surrender of the senior Japanese commanders of all Japanese
ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in Korea south of 38
north latitude and all islands adjacent thereto. Now therefor

We, the undersigned, senior Japanese commanders of all
Japanese ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in Korea south
of 38 north latitude, do hereby acknowledge:

a. That we have been duly advised and fully informed of
the contents of the Proclamation by the Emperor of Japan, the
Instrument of Surrender and the orders herein above referred to.

b. That we accept our duties and obligations under said
instruments and orders and recognize the necessity for our strict
compliance therewith and adherence thereto.

c. The the Commanding General, United States Army Forces
in Korea, is the duly authorized representative of the Com-
mander-in-Chief United States Army Forces, Pacific and that
we will completely and immediately carry out and put into ef-
fect his instructions.

Finally, we do hereby formally and unconditionally sur-
render to the Commanding General, United States Army Forces
in Korea, all persons in Korea south of 38 degrees North
Latitude who are in the Armed Forces of Japan, and all military
installations, ordnance, ships, aircraft, and other military
equipment or property of every kind or description in Korea,
including all islands adjacent thereto, south of 38 degrees
North Latitude over which we exercise jurisdiction or control.

In case of conflict or ambiguity between the English text
of this document and any translation thereof, the English shall
prevail.

Signed at SEOUL, KOREA at 1630 hours on the 9th day of
September 1945.

YOSHIO SOZUKI
Senior Japanese commander of all
Japanese ground and air forces
in Korea south of 38 north
latitude.

GISABURO YAMAGUCHI
Senior Japanese commander of all
Japanese naval forces in Korea
south of 38 north latitude.

I, Nobuyuki Abe, the duly appointed, qualified and acting
Governor General of KOREA do hereby certify that I have read
and fully understand the contents of the foregoing Instrument
of Surrender, and of all documents referred to therein.

I hereby acknowledge the duties and obligations imposed
upon me by said documents, insofar as they apply to all matters
within my jurisdiction or control as Governor General of Korea,
and recognize the necessity of my strict compliance therewith
and adherence thereto.

In particular do I reconize that the Commanding General,
UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES IN KOREA, is the duly authorized
representative of the Commander-in-Chief, UNITED STATES ARMY
FORCES, PACIFIC, and that I am completely and immediately to
carry out and put into effect his instructions.

Signed at SEOUL, KOREA, at 1630 hours on the 9th day of
September 1945.

NOBUYUKI ABE
(Governor General of KOREA)

Accepted at SEOUL, KOREA, at 1630 hours on the 9th day of
September 1945 for and in behalf of the Commander-in-Chief
of the United States Army Forces, Pacific.

JOHN R. HODGE
JOHN R. HODGE
Lieutenant General U.S. Army
Commanding General
United States Army Forces in Korea

THOMAS C. KINCAID
T. C. KINCAID
Admiral, U. S. Navy
Representative of the United States Navy
---------------------------------------

SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER
SOUTH EAST ASIA

INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER OF JAPANESE FORCES UNDER
THE COMMAND OR CONTROL OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER,
JAPANESE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, SOUTHERN REGIONS,
WITHIN THE OPERATIONAL THEATRE OF THE SUPREME
ALLIED COMMANDER, SOUTH EAST ASIA

1. In pursuance of and in compliance with:

(a) the Instrument of Surrender signed by the Japanese
plenipotentiaries by command and on behalf of the
Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at Toyko on
2 September, 1945;

(b) General Order No. 1, promulgated at the same place
and on the same date;

(c) the Local Agreement made by the Supreme Commander,
Japanese Expeditionary Forces, Southern Regions, with
the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia at
Rangoon on 27 August, 1945;

to all of which Instrument of Surrender, General Order and Local
Agreement this present Instrument is complementary and which it in
no way supersedes, the Supreme Commander, Japanese Expeditionary
Forces, Southern Regions (Field Marshall Count Terauchi) does
hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Allied Commander,
South East Asia (Admiral The Lord Louis Mountbatten) himself and
all Japanese sea, ground, air and auxiliary forces under his
command or control and within the operational theatre of the
Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia.

2. The Supreme Commander, Japanese Expeditionary Forces, Southern
Regions, undertakes to ensure that all orders and instructions that
may be issued from time to time by the Supreme Allied Commander,
South East Asia, or by any of his subordinate Naval, Military, or
Air-Force Commanders of whatever rank acting in his name, are
scrupulously and promptly obeyed by all Japanese sea, ground, air
and auxiliary forces under the command or control of the Supreme
Commander, Japanese Expeditionary Forces, Southern Regions, and
within the operational theatre of the Supreme Allied Commander,
South East Asia.

3. Any disobediance of, or delay or failure to comply with, orders
or instructions issued by the Supreme Allied Commander, South East
Asia, or issued on his behalf by any of his subordinate Naval,
Military, or Air Force Commanders of whatever rank, and any
action which the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, or
his subordinate Commanders action on his behalf, may determine to
be detrimental to the Allied Powers, will be dealt with as the
Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia may decide.

4. This Instrument takes effect from the time and date of signing.

5. This Instrument is drawn up in the English Language, which is
the only authentic version. In any case of doubt to intention or
meaning, the decision of the Supreme Allied Commander, South East
Asia is final. It is the responsibility of the Supreme Commander,
Japanese Expeditionary Forces, Southern Regions, to make such
translations into Japanese as he may require.

Signed at Singapore at 0341 hours (G.M.T.) on 12 September, 1945.

SEISHIRO ITAGAKI LOUIS MOUNTBATTAN
(for) SUPREME COMMANDER SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER
JAPANESE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, SOUTH EAST ASIA
SOUTHERN REGIONS

The German Surrender Document - WWII

2008-06-05T06:25:00.001-07:00

Instrument of Surrender
of
All German armed forces in HOLLAND, in
northwest Germany including all islands,
and in DENMARK.

1. The German Command agrees to the surrender of all armed
forces in HOLLAND, in northwest GERMANY including the
FRISLIAN ISLANDS and HELIGOLAND and all islands, in
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, and in DENMARK, to the C.-in-C. 21
Army Group.

=This to include all naval ships in these areas=

These forces to lay down their arms and to surrender
unconditionally.

2. All hostilities on land, on sea, or in the air by German
forces in the above areas to cease at 0800 hrs. British
Double Summer Time on Saturday 5 May 1945.

3. The German command to carry out at once, and without
argument or comment, all further orders that will be issued
by the Allied Powers on any subject.

4. Disobedience of orders, or failure to comply with them, will
be regarded as a breach of these surrender terms and will be
dealt with by the Allied Powers in accordance with the laws
and usages of war.

5. This insturment of surrender is independent of, without pre-
judice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument
of surrender imposed by or on behalf of the Allied Powers
and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a
whole.

6. This instument of surrender is written in English and in German.

The English version is the authentic text.

7. The decision of the Allied Powers will be final if any doubt
or dispute arise as to the meaning or intrepretation of the
surrender terms.

=HANS GEORG von FRIEDBERG=

=KINZEL=

=G. WAGNER=
=B. L. MONTGOMERY=
=Field - Marshal= =POLECK=

=FRIEDEL=
=4 May 1945=

=1830 hrs.=
---------------------------------------

{Reichspresident Donitz's authorization to Colonel General Jodl}
{to conclude a general surrender:}

Hauptquartier, den 6. Mai 1945

Ich bevollmachtige Generaloberst J o d l ,

Chef des Wehrmachtfuhrungsstabes in Oberkommando

der Wehrmact, zum Abschluss eines Waffenstill-

standsbkommens mit dem Hauptquartier des Generals

E i s e n h o w e r .

[ SEAL ] =DONITZ=

GroBadmiral.
---------------------------------------

Only this text in English is authoritative

ACT OF MILITARY SURRENDER

1. We the undersigned, acting by authority

of the German High Command, hereby surrender

unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied

Expeditionary Forces and simultaneously to the

Soviet High Command all forces on land, sea and in

the air who are at this date under German control.

2. The German High Command will at once

issue orders to all German military, naval and

air authorties and to all forces under German

control to cease active operations at =2301= hours

Central European time on = 8 May = and to

remain in the positions occupied at that time. No

ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be scuttled, or any

damage done to their hull, machinery or equipment.

3. The German High Command will at once

issue to the appropriate commander, and ensure

the carrying out of any further orders issued by

the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force

and by the Soviet High Command.

4. This act of military surrender is without

prejudice to, and will be superseded by any

general instrument of surrender imposed by, or

on behalf of the United Nations and applicable

to GERMANY and the German armed forces as a whole.

5. In the event of the German High Command

or any of the forces under their control failing

to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender,

the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force

and the Soviet High Command will take such punitive

or other action as they deem appropriate.

Signed at =RHEIMS at 0241= on the =7th= day of May, 1945.
=France=

On behalf of the German High Command.

=JODL=

IN THE PRESENCE OF

On behalf of the Supreme Commander, On behalf of the Soviet
Allied Expeditionary Force. High Command

=W. B. SMITH= =SOUSLOPAROV=

=F SEVEZ=
Major General, French Army
(Witness)
---------------------------------------

SUPREME HEADQUARTERS
ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE

SERIAL 1

ORDERS BY THE SUPREME COMMANDER,

ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE RELATING TO

ARMY AND AIR FORCES UNDER GERMAN CONTROL

1. Local commanders of the Army and Air Force

under German control on the Western Front, in

NORWAY and in the CHANNEL ISLANDS will hold themselves

in readiness to receive detailed orders for the

surrender of their forces from the Supreme Commander's

subordinate commanders opposite their front.

2. In the case of NORWAY the Supreme

Commander's representatives will be the General

Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Scottish Command and

Air Officer Commanding 13 Group RAF.

3. In the case of the CHANNEL ISLANDS the

Supreme Commander's representatives will be the

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern

Command and Air Officer Commanding 10 Group RAF.

=WALTER B SMITH=
Signed....................
For the Supreme Commander, RAF

Dated =0241 7th= May, 1945
=Rheims France=

---------------------------------------

SPECIAL ORDERS BY THE SUPREME COMMANDER, ALLIED

EXPEDITIONARY FORCE TO THE GERMAN HIGH COMMAND

RELATING TO NAVAL FORCES

For the purpose of these orders the term "Allied
Representatives" shall be deemed to include the
Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force,
and any subordinate commander, staff officer or
agent acting pursuant to his orders.

SPECIAL ORDERS BY THE SUPREME COMMANDER, ALLIED

EXPEDITIONARY FORCE TO THE GERMAN HIGH COMMAND

RELATING TO NAVAL FORCES

PART I GENERAL

Definition of Naval Forces

1. For the purpose of these orders all formations,

units, and personnel of the German Navy together with the

Marine Kusten Polizie shall be refered to as the German

Naval Forces.

2. Members of the Marine Kusten Polizie will

immediately be placed under the command of the appropriate

German Naval Commanders who will be responsible for their

maintenance and supply where applicable, to the same

extent and degree as for units of the German Navy.

German Naval Representatives and information required

immediately

3. The German High Command will dispatch within

48 hours after the surrender becomes effective, a res-

ponsible Flag Officer to the Allied Naval Commander,

Expeditionary Force at his headquarters. This

Flag Officer will furnish the Allied Naval Commander,

Expeditionary Force, with:-

a. Corrected copies of charts showing all

minefields in Western Europe waters, including the

BALTIC as far as LUBECK (inclusive) which have been laid

by German and German-controlled vessels or aircraft,

positions of all wrecks, booms and other underwater

obstructions in this area, details of the German convoy

routes and searched channels and of all bouys, lights

and other navigational aids in this area. The appropriate

navigational publications are also required.

b. Details of the exact location of all

departments and branches of the German Admiralty (OKM).

c. All available information concerning

the numbers and types of German minesweepers and sperr-

brechers in German controlled Dutch ports and German

NORTH SEA ports that can be obtained without delaying

his departure. This German Flag Officer is to be

accompanied by a Communications Officer who is familiar

with the German Naval W/T organization and who is to

bring with him the current naval communications Orders,

including allocation of frequencies, list of W/T and

R/T call signs in force, and a list of all codes and

cyphers in use, and intended to be brought into use.

d. Location of all surface warships down

to and including "Elbing" class Torpedo Boats, and of

all submarines and "E" Boats.

4. The German High Command will also dispatch

within 48 hours after the surrender becomes effective

a responsibile officer, not below the rank of Captain,

by coastal craft to report to the Admiral Commanding

at DOVER for onward routing to Commander-in-Chief,

THE NORE, with:-

a. Corrected copies of charts showing all

minefields in the NORTH SEA SOUTH of 54 30' NORTH and

EAST of 1 30' EAST laid by German and German-controlled

vessels or aircraft, positions of all wrecks, booms and

all other underwater obstructions; details of all

German Convoy routes and searched channels in this area,

and of all bouys, lights and other navigational aids

which are under German control. Appropriate naviga-

tional publications are also required.

b. All available information concerning

the numbers and types of German minesweepers and

sperrbrechers in German contolled Dutch ports and

German NORTH SEA ports that can be obtained without

delaying his departure.

5. Another responsible German Naval Officer,

with similar information is to be dispatched by un-

escorted aircraft painted white to MANSTON Areodrome

position 51 20' NORTH, 1 20' EAST for onward routing

to Commander-in-Chief, THE NORE.

6. The German High Command will issue instruc-

tions to certain German naval commands as indicated

below:-

a. The Naval Commander-in-Chief, NORTH

SEA will dispatch by coastal craft within 48 hours

after the surrender becomes effective a responsible

officer, not below the rank of Captain, to the

Admiral Commanding at DOVER for onward routing to

Commander-in-Chief, THE NORE, with:-

(1) details of minesweeping operations

carried out in the German convoy route

between the HOOK OF HOLLAND and

HAMBURG and in approaches to harbours

between these two ports during the

previous 60 days;

(2) numbers and postions of all

British mines swept during these

operations;

(3) details of all controlled mine-

fields in this area and information

whether they have been rendered

ineffective;

(4) details of all other mining and

types of mines employed in the harbours

and harbour approaches of CUXHAVEN,

EMDEN, TERSCHELLING, TEXEL, IJMUIDEN,

AMSTERDAM, SCHEVENINGEN, HOOK OF

HOLLAND and ROTTERDAM;

(5) berthing facilities in the harbours

enumerated in paragraph (6a). (4) above

and the numbers of auxiliary minesweepers

which can be accomodated;

(6) a list of all W/T and R/T call signs

in use by the German Navy.

Any of the above information which cannot be obtained without

delaying the departure of this officer will be forwarded

subsequently as soon as it is available.

b. The Naval Commander-in-Chief, NORTH SEA, will

also dispatch as soon as possible by coastal craft to DOVER

thirteen German Naval Officers who must be familiar with the

German swept channels between the HOOK OF HOLLAND and

CUXHAVEN. These officers will bring with them all the charts

and books required for naviagation in this area and will be

accompanied by pilots (and interpreters if necessary).

c. The Naval Commander-in-Chief, NORWAY, will

dispatch by sea within 48 hours after the surrender becomes

effective, a responsible officer, not below the rank of

Captain to the Commander-in-Chief, ROSYTH, with corrected copies

of charts showing all German minefields in the NORTH SEA, NORTH

of 56 NORTH, all wrecks, booms and other underwater

obstructions, details of German convoy routes and searched

channels in this area, of the approach channels to the principal

Norwegian ports and of all bouys, lights and other navigational

aids in this area. This officer will also bring with him the

disposition of all "U" Boats and details of all orders affecting

their future movements. He will be accompanied by six German

Naval Officers with pilots (and interpreters if necessary) who

are familiar with the coastal swept channels between OSLO and

TROMSO. These officers will bring with them all the charts

and books required for navigation in Norwegian waters, and a

list of all W/T and R/T call signs in use by the German Navy.

d. The Naval Commander-in-Chief, NORWAY, will

dispatch a duplicate party to the above with similar informa-

tion by an unescorted aircraft painted white to DREM Airfield

56 02' NORTH 02 48' WEST.

e. The Naval Commander-in-Chief, NORWAY, will

report by W/T to the Commander-in-Chief, ROSYTH, within 48 hours

after the surrender becomes effective, the following information:-

(1) Berthing facilities at OSLO,

CHRISTIANSAND, STAVANGER, BERGEN, TRONDHEIM,

NARVIK, and TROMSO.

(2) The appropriate quantities of furnace

oil fuel, diesel oil fuel, and coal at all the

principal Norwegian ports between OSLO and

TROMSO.

7. The German Admiral SKGGERAK will dispatch by sea

within 48 hours after the surrender becomes effective, a

responsible officer not below the rank of Captain, to the

Commander-in-Chief, ROSYTH, with corrected copies of charts

showing all German minefields, wrecks, booms, and other underwater

obstructions, details of German convoy routes and searched

channels, bouys, lights and other navigational aids in the

SKAGGERAK, KATTEGAT, THE BEITS AND SOUND, KIEL

BAY and BALTIC WATERS WEST of 14 EAST. This

officer will also bring with him the disposition

of all "U" boats in the above area and details

of all orders affecting their future move-

ments. He will be accompanied by three German Naval

officers with pilots (and interpreters if necessary)

who are familiar with the coastal swept channels, and

channels in the Swedish territorial waters, in the waters

referred to above. These officers will bring with

them all the charts and books required for navigation

in these waters, and a list of all W/T and R/T call

signs in use by the German Navy.

The German Admiral SKAGGERAK will dispatch

a duplicate party to that specified above, with similar

information, by air in unescorted aircraft painted

white to DREM Airfield 56 02' NORTH 02 48' WEST.

8. The German Naval Officers who will be dis-

patched to DOVER and ROSYTH by sea will proceed to

positions in latitude 51 19' NORTH longitude 1 43' EAST

and latitude 56 47' NORTH longitude 1 13' WEST respectively,

where they will be met by British warships and escorted

to their destination. The ships or craft in which they

travel are to fly a large white flag at the masthead by

day and are to illuminate these white flags by night.

These ships are to broadcast their positions hourly by

W/T on 500 ks. (600 meters) whilst on passage.

Information required within fourteen days

9. The German High Command will furnish the

following information to the Allied Naval Commander,

Expeditionary Force, at by

within fourteen days of cessation of hostilities.

a. Locations of all warships, auxiliaries and armed

coastal craft operating under the orders of the German Naval

Command stating particulars of the operational unit to which they

are attached, giving approximate totals of all naval personal

embarked in each vessel, (including naval flak and merchant ship

flak).

b. A statement of the organizations of all naval

shore Commands, giving location of all naval establishments,

including establishments for experiment and research, names of

all Commanding Officers and Principal Staff Officers of the rank

of Commander in each establishment.

c. A statement of the strength and location of all

naval land forces including naval infrantry, naval flak, merchant

ship flak and naval personnel manning naval coast artillery and

full particulars of all Coastal and port defenses giving nature

and locations.

d. Lists of stocks of furnace oil fuels, diesel oil

fuel, petrol, and coal of 500 tons or more at, or in the vicinity

of, all ports between IJMUIDEN and HAMBURG inclusive.

e. A statement of location of the principal naval

armament depots with approximate overall stocks of each major

item held.

f. The following communications information:-

(1) location and details concerning all

V/S, W/T (including D/F) and radar

stations in use by, and under constuc-

tion for the German Navy, these details

to include types and capabilities of all

equipment fitted.

(2) details of the current naval W/T

organization, lists of W/T and R/T call

signs in force, and allocation of all

frequencies for communication and radar

purposes.

(3) location and details of all naval

communications (including Infra-Red)

and naval radar training and research

establishments.

g. Full details of all German minefields in

the NORTH SEA, SKAGGERAK, KATTEGAT, BEITS, and SOUND.

h. Full details of the German naval minesweeping

organization including the communications organization.

j. Full details of the communications (including

Infra-Red) and radar equipment fitted in all German minesweepers

and sperrbrechers.

k. Technical details of all types of minesweeping

gear used by the German Navy.

l. Details of all mining and types of mines employed

and of berthing facilities available for ships of 150 feet in

length and 16 feet draught at:-

BREMERHAVEN

WILHELMSHAVEN

SCHIERMONNIKOOG

DELFZIJL

10. The German High Command will also furnish the Allied

Naval Commander, Expeditionary Force, with two copies of all

coding and cyphering systems which have been, are being, or were

to be used by the German Navy with the necessary instructions for

their use and the dates between which they have been, or were to

have been used.

PART II - CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT

Orders to warships, auxiliaries, merchant ships and other craft

11. The German High Command will forthwith direct all

German and German-controlled warships, auxiliaries,

merchant ships and other craft to comply with the following

instructions:-

a. All warships, auxiliaries, merchant ships and

other craft in harbours are to remain in harbour pending

further directions from the Allied Representatives.

b. All warships, auxiliaries, merchant ships

and other craft at sea are to report their positions in plain

language immediately to the nearest British, US or Soviet Coast

Wireless Telegraphy station on 500 kc/s (600 metres), and are to

proceed to the nearest German or Allied port or such ports as

the Allied Representatives may direct, and remain there pending

further directions from the Allied Representatives. At night

they are to show lights and to display searchlights with beams

held vertically.

c. All warships and merchant ships whether in port

or at sea will immediately train all weapons fore and aft. All

torpedo tubes will be unloaded and breech blocks will be removed

from all guns.

d. All warships and merchant ships in German or

German-controlled harbours will immediately land and store in

safety all ammunition, warheads and other explosives. They

will land all portable weapons but, pending further instuctions,

warships will retain onboard the fixed armament. Fire control

and all other equipment will be maintained on board intact and

fully efficient.

e. All minesweeping vessels are to carry out the

means of disarmament prescribed in c. and d. above,

(except that they will however, retain on board such portable

weapons and explosives as are required for minesweeping

purposes) and are to be prepared immediately for minesweeping

service under the direction of the Allied Representatives.

They will complete with fuel where necessary.

f. All German salvage vessels are to carry out

the measures of disarmament prescribed in c. and d. above

(except that they will retain on board such explosives as are

required for salvage purposes.) These vessels, together with

all salvage equipment and personnel, are to be prepared for

immediate salvage operations under the direction of the Allied

Representatives, completing with fuel where necessary for this

purpose.

g. The movement of transport on the inland waterways

of GERMANY may continue, subject to orders from the Allied

Representatives. No vessels moving on inland waterways will

proceed to neutral waters.

Submarines

12. The German High Command will tranmit by W/T on

appropriate frequencies the two messages in Annexures 'A' and

'B' which contain instructions to submarines at sea.

Naval Aircraft

13. The German High Command will forthwith direct that:-

a. German naval aircraft are not to leave the

ground or water or ship pending directions from the Allied

Representatives;

b. naval aircraft in the air are to return

immediately to their bases.

Neutral shipping

14. The German High Command will forthwith direct

that all neutral merchant ships in German and German-

controlled ports are to be detained pending further

directions from the Allied Representatives.

Orders relating to sabotage, scuttling, safety measures,

pilotage and personnel

15. The German High Command will forthwith issue

categorical directions that:-

a. No ship, vessel or aircraft of any

description is to be scuttled, or any damage done

to their hull, machinery or equipment.

b. all harbour works and port facilities

of whatever nature, including telecommunications and

radar stations, are to be preserved and kept free from

destruction or damage pending further directions from the

Allied Representatives, and all necessary steps taken and

all necessary orders issued to prohibit any act of

scuttling, sabotage, or other willful damage.

c. all boom defenses at all ports and

harbours are to be opened and kept open at all times;

where possible, they are to be removed.

d. all controlled minefields at all ports

and harbours are to be disconnected and rendered

ineffective.

e. all demolition charges in all ports

and harbour works are to be removed or rendered

ineffective and their presence indicated.

f. the existing wartime sustem of navigational

lighting is to be maintained, except that all dimmed lights

are to be shown at full brilliancy, and lights only shown

by special arrangement are to be exhibited continously.

In particular:-

(1) HELIGOLAND Light is to be burnt

at full brilliancy.

(2) The bouyage of the coastal convoy

route from the HOOK OF HOLLAND to

HAMBURG is to be commenced, mid-channel

light bouys being laid six miles apart.

(3) Two ships are to be anchored as

mark vessels in the following positions:-

54 20' N, 5 00' E.
54 20' N, 6 30' E.

Thse ships are to fly a large black flag at the mast-

head by day and by night are to flash a searchlight

vertically every 30 seconds.

g. All pilotage services are to continue

to operate and all pilots are to be held at their normal

stations ready for service and equipped with their charts.

h. German Naval and other personnel concerned

in the operation of ports and administrative services in

ports are to remain at their stations and to continue to

carry out their normal duties.

Personnel

16. The German High Command will forthwith direct

that except as may be required for the purpose of giving

effect to the above special orders:-

a. all personnel in German warships,

auxiliaries, merchant ships and other craft, are to remain

on board their ships pending further directions from the

Allied Representatives.

b. all Naval personnel ashore are to remain

in their establishments.

17. The German High Command will be responsible for

the immediate and total disarmament of all naval personnel

on shore. The orders issued to the German High Command in

respect of the disarmament and war material of land forces

will apply also to naval personnel on shore.

=H. M. BURROUGH=
Signed.......................
For the Supreme Commander, AEF.

=Dated 0241 7th May 1945=
=Rheims, France=

ANNEXURE 'A'

SURRENDER OF GERMAN "U" BOAT FLEET

To all "U" Boats at sea:

Carry out the following instuctions forthwith which

have been given by the Allied Representatives

(A) Surface immediately and remain surfaced.

(B) Report immediately in P/L your position in

latitude and longitude and number of your "U" Boat

to nearest British, US, Canadian or Soviet coast W/T

station on 500 kc/s (600 metres) and to call sign GZZ 10

on one of the following high frequencies: 16845 - 12685

or 5970 kc/s.

(C) Fly a large black or blue flag by day.

(D) Burn navigation lights by night.

(E) Jettison all ammunition, remove breachblocks from

guns and render torpedos safe by removing pistols.

All mines are to be rendered safe.

(F) Make all signals in P/L.

(G) Follow strictly the instructions for proceeding

to Allied ports from your present area given in

immediately following message.

(H) Observe strictly the orders of Allied Representatives

to refrain from scuttling or in any way damaging your

"U" Boat.

2. These instructions will be repeated at two-hour

intervals until further notice.

ANNEXURE 'B'

To all "U" Boats at sea. Observe strictly the

instructions already given to remain fully surfaced.

Report your position course and speed every 8 hours.

Obey any instructions that may be given to you by any

Allied authority.

The following are the areas and routes for "U" Boats

surrendering-

(1) Area 'A'.

a. Bound on West by meridian 026 degs West and South by

parallel 043 degs North in Barents Sea by meridian 020 degs

East in Baltic Approaches by line joining the Naze and Hantsholm

but excludes Irish Sea between 051 degs thirty mins and 055 degs

00 mins North and English Channel between line of Lands End

Scilly Islands Ushant and line of Dover-Calais.

b. Join one of following routes at nearest point and

procceed along it to Loch Eriboll (058 degs 33 minutes North

004 degs 37 mins West)

Blue route: All positions North and West unless otherwise

indicated

049 degs 00 mins 009 degs 00 mins 053 degs 00 mins

012 degs 00 mins 058 degs 00 mins 011 degs 00 mins

059 degs 00 mins 005 degs 30 mins thence to Loch Eriboll.

Red route: 053 degs 45 mins North 003 degs 00 mins East

059 degs 45 mins 001 degs 00 mins 059 degs 45 mins

003 degs 00 mins thence to Loch Eriboll.

c. Arrive at Loch Eriboll between sunrise and 3 hours

before sunset.

(2) Area 'B'

a. The Irish Sea between parallel of 051 degs 30 mins

and 055 degs 00 mins North.

b. Proceed Beaumaris Bay (053 degs 19 mins North 003

degs 58 mins West) to arrive between sunrise and 3 hours

before sunset.

(3) Area 'C'

a. The English Channel between line of Lands End -

Scilly Isles - Ushant and line of Dover - Calais.

b. 'U' Boats in area 'C' are to join one of following

routes at nearest point: Green route: position 'A' 049 degs

10 mins North 005 degs 40 mins West position 'B' 050 degs 00

mins North 003 degs 00 mins West thence escorted to Weymouth.

Orange route: position 'X' 050 degs 30 mins North 000 degs 50

mins East position 'Y' 050 degs 10 mins North 001 degs 50 mins

West thence escorted to Weymouth.

c. Arrive at either 'B' or 'Y' between sunrise and 3 hours

before sunset.

(4) Area 'D'

a. Bound on West by lines joining The Naze and Hantsholm

and on East by lines joining Lubeck and Trelleborg.

b. Proceed to Kiel.

(5) Area 'E'

a. Mediterranean Approaches bound on North by 043 degs

North on South by 026 degs North and on West by 026 degs West.

b. Proceed to a rendezvous in position 'A' 036 degs 00

mins North 011 degs 00 mins West and await escort reporting

expected time of arrival in plain language to Admiral Gibraltar

on 500 kc/s.

c. Arrive in position 'A' between sunrise and noon G.M.T.

(6) Area 'F'

a. The North and South Atlantic West of 026 degs West.

b. Proceed to nearest of one of following points

arriving between sunrise and 3 hours before sunset: W 043

degs 30 mins North 070 degs 00 mins West approach from a

point 15 miles due East X 038 degs 20 mins North 074 degs

25 mins West approach from a point 047 degs 18 mins North

051 30 mins West on a course 270 degs Z 043 31 mins North

065 degs 05 mins West approach from point 042 degs 59 mins

North 054 degs 28 mins West on a course 320 degs.
---------------------------------------

UNDERTAKING

GIVEN BY CERTAIN GERMAN EMISSARIES

TO THE ALLIED HIGH COMMANDS

It is agreeed by the German emissaries

undersigned that the following German officers will

arrive at a place and time designated by the Supreme

Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and the Soviet

High Command prepared, with planary powers, to execute

a formal ratification on behalf of the German High

Command of this act of Unconditional Surrender of the

German armed forces.

Chief of the High Command

Commander-in-Chief of the Army

Commander-in-Chief of the Navy

Commander-in-Chief of the Air Forces.

SIGNED

=JODL=

Representing the German High Command.

DATED =0241 7th May 1945=
=Rheims, France=
---------------------------------------

{Reichspresident Donitz's authorization to German representatives
to execute ratification}

A b s c h r i f t.

Der Oberste Befehlshaber
Hauptquartier, den 7.5.45.
der Wehrmact

/Bitte in der Antwort vorstehendes
Geschaftszeichen, das Datum und
kurzen Inhalt anzugegen./

ICH BEVOLLMACHTIGE

GENERALFELDMARSCHALL K E I T E L

ALS CHEF DES OBERKOMMANDOS DER

WEHRMACHT UND ZUGLEICH ALS OBER-

BEFEHLSHABER DES HEERES,

GENERALADMIRAL VON FRIEDBERG

ALS OBERBEFEHLSHABER DER KRIEGSMARINE,

GENERALOBERST S T U M P F

ALS VERTRETER DES OBERBEFEHLSHABERS

DER LUFTWAFFE

ZUR RATIFIZIERUNG DER BEDINGUNGSLKSEN

KAPITULATION DER DEUTSCHEN STREITKRAFTE GEGEN-

UBER DEM OBERBEFEHLSHABER DER ALLIIERTEN

EXPEDITIONSSTREITKRAFTE UND DEM SOWYET-OBER-

KOMMANDO.

DONITZ

GROBADMIRAL.

Siegel.
---------------------------------------

ACT OF MULITARY SURRENDER

1. We the undersigned, acting by authority

of the German High Command, hereby surrender

unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied

Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the

Supreme High Command of the Red Army all forces

on land, at sea, and in the air who are at this

date under German control.

2. The German High Command will at once

issue order to all German military, naval and

air authorities and to all forces under German

control to cease active operations at 2301 hours

Central European time on 8th May 1945, to remain

in all positions occupied at that time and to

disarm completely, handing over their weapons and

equipment to the local allied commanders or officers

designated by Representatives of the Allied Supreme

Commands. No ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be

scuttled, or any damage done to their hull,

machinery or equipment, and also to machines of all

kinds, armament, apparatus, and all the technical

means of prosecution of war in general.

3. The German High Command will at once

issue to the appropriate commanders, and ensure

the carrying out of any further orders issued by

the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force

and by the Supreme Command of the Red Army.

4. This act of military surrender is without

prejudice to, and will be superseded by any general

instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of

the United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and

the German armed forces as a whole.

5. In the event of the German High Command

or any of the forces under their control failing

to act in accordance with this Act of Surrender,

the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force

and the Supreme High Command of the Red Army will

take such punitive or other action as they deem

appropriate.

6. This Act is drawn up in the English,

Russian and German languages. The English and

Russian are the only authentic texts.

Signed at =Berlin= on the =8 . = day of May, 1945

=Von Friedeburg= =Keitel= =Stumpff=

On behalf of the German High Command

IN THE PRESENCE OF:

=A.W.Tedder=
On behalf of the On behalf of the
Supreme Commander Supreme High Command of the
Allied Expeditionary Force Red Army
=Georgi Zhukov=

At the signing also were present as witnesses:

=F. de Lattre-Tassigny= =Carl Spaatz=
General Commanding in Chief General, Commanding
First French Army United States Strategic Air Force

---------------------------------------

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A PROCLAMATION

The Allied armies, through sacrifice and devotion and with

God's help, have wrung from Germany a final and unconditional

surrender. The western world has been freed of the evil forces

which for five years and longer have imprisoned the bodies and

broken the lives of millions upon millions of free-born men.

They have violated their churches, destroyed their homes, cor-

rupted their children, and murdered their loved ones. Our Armies

of Liberation have restored freedom to these suffering peoples,

whose spirit and will the oppressors could never enslave.

Much remains to be done. The victory won in the West must

now be won in the East. The whole world must be cleansed of the

evil from which half the world has been freed. United, the

peace-loving nations have demonstrated in the West that their arms

are stronger by far than the might of dictators or the tyranny of

military cliques that once called us soft and weak. The power of

our peoples to defend themselves against all enemies will be proved

in the Pacific was as it has been proved in Europe.

For the trimuph of spirit and of arms which we have won, and

of its promise to peoples everywhere who join us in the love of

freedom, it is fitting that we, as a nation, give thanks to

Almighty God, who has strengthened us and given us the victory.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United

States of America, do hereby appoint Sunday, May 13, 1945 to be a

day of prayer.

I call upon the people of the United States, whatever their

faith, to unite in offering joyful thanks to God for the victory

we have won and to pray that He will support us to the end of our

present struggle and guide us into the way of peace.

I also call upon my countrymen to dedicate this day of prayer

to the memory of those who have given their lives to make possible

our victory.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused

the seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington this eighth day of May in
.. the year of our Lord

-----------------------------------
nineteen hundred

and forty-five
T H E G R E A T S E A L
and of the

O F T H E Independence

of the United
U N I T E D S T A T E S
States of America
O F
the one hundred
A M E R I C A
and sixty-ninth.

-----------------------------------

By the President: =Harry S. Truman=

-------------------------------------

The Emancipation Proclamation

2008-06-05T06:16:00.003-07:00

By the President of the United States of America:

A PROCLAMATION

Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation
was issued by the President of the United States, containing,
among other things, the following, to wit:

"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as
slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people
whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall
be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive
government of the United States, including the military and naval
authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such
persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any
of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

"That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid,
by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any,
in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in
rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State
or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith
represented in the Congress of the United States by members
chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified
voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the
absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive
evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then
in rebellion against the United States."

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief
of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed
rebellion against the authority and government of the United States,
and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said
rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in
accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the
full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned,
order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the
people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against
the United States the following, to wit:

Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard,
Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension,
Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans,
including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the
forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the
counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York,
Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and
Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left
precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do
order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said
designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall
be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States,
including the military and naval authorities thereof, will
recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to
abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and
I recommend to them that, in all case when allowed, they labor
faithfully for reasonable wages.

And I further declare and make known that such persons of
suitable condition will be received into the armed service of
the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and
other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice,
warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke
the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor
of Almighty God.

-------------------------------------

On Jan. 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared free
all slaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federal
government. This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few
people. It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on
the Union side; nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already
under Union control. Naturally, the states in rebellion did not
act on Lincoln's order. But the proclamation did show Americans--
and the world--that the civil war was now being fought to end slavery.

Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position. A believer
in white supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms of
preserving the Union. As pressure for abolition mounted in
Congress and the country, however, Lincoln became more sympathetic
to the idea. On Sept. 22, 1862, he issued a preliminary proclamation
announcing that emancipation would become effective on Jan. 1, 1863,
in those states still in rebellion. Although the Emancipation
Proclamation did not end slavery in America--this was achieved
by the passage of the 13TH Amendment to the Constitution on Dec.
18, 1865--it did make that accomplishment a basic war goal and
a virtual certainty.

DOUGLAS T. MILLER

Bibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation
(1960); Donovan, Frank, Mr. Lincoln's Proclamation (1964);
Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation (1964).

The Emancipation Proclamation

2008-06-05T06:16:00.001-07:00

The Declaration of independence

2008-06-05T06:15:00.001-07:00

In Congress, July 4, 1776,
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one
people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them
with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the
separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of
Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel
them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the
pursuit of Happiness.

That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these
ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it,
and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such
principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them
shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established
should not be changed for light and transient causes; and
accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more
disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right
themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing
invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under
absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw
off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future
security.

Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such
is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former
Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great
Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all
having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny
over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a
candid world.

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and
necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and
pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till
his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has
utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large
districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the
right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable
to them and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,
uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public
Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance
with his measures.

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing
with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause
others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable
of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their
exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the
dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States;
for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of
Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations
hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his
Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure
of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms
of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without
the Consent of our legislatures.

He has affected to render the Military independent of and
superior to the Civil power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction
foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws;
giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any
Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring
Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and
enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example
and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into
these Colonies:

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws,
and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves
invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his
Protection and waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns,
and destroyed the Lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign
mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny,
already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely
paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the
Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high
Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners
of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has
endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the
merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an
undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for
Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have
been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character
is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit
to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren.
We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their
legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We
have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and
settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and
magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common
kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably
interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been
deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must,
therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our
Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind,
Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America,
in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of
the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name,
and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly
publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right
ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved
from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political
connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and
ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent
States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract
Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things
which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of
this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine
Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our
Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

JOHN HANCOCK, President

Attested, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary

New Hampshire
JOSIAH BARTLETT
WILLIAM WHIPPLE
MATTHEW THORNTON

Massachusetts-Bay
SAMUEL ADAMS
JOHN ADAMS
ROBERT TREAT PAINE
ELBRIDGE GERRY

Rhode Island
STEPHEN HOPKINS
WILLIAM ELLERY

Connecticut
ROGER SHERMAN
SAMUEL HUNTINGTON
WILLIAM WILLIAMS
OLIVER WOLCOTT

Georgia
BUTTON GWINNETT
LYMAN HALL
GEO. WALTON

Maryland
SAMUEL CHASE
WILLIAM PACA
THOMAS STONE
CHARLES CARROLL
OF CARROLLTON

Virginia
GEORGE WYTHE
RICHARD HENRY LEE
THOMAS JEFFERSON
BENJAMIN HARRISON
THOMAS NELSON, JR.
FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE
CARTER BRAXTON.

New York
WILLIAM FLOYD
PHILIP LIVINGSTON
FRANCIS LEWIS
LEWIS MORRIS

Pennsylvania
ROBERT MORRIS
BENJAMIN RUSH
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
JOHN MORTON
GEORGE CLYMER
JAMES SMITH
GEORGE TAYLOR
JAMES WILSON
GEORGE ROSS

Delaware
CAESAR RODNEY
GEORGE READ
THOMAS M'KEAN

North Carolina
WILLIAM HOOPER
JOSEPH HEWES
JOHN PENN

South Carolina
EDWARD RUTLEDGE
THOMAS HEYWARD, JR.
THOMAS LYNCH, JR.
ARTHUR MIDDLETON

New Jersey
RICHARD STOCKTON
JOHN WITHERSPOON
FRANCIS HOPKINS
JOHN HART
ABRAHAM CLARK

The Constitution of the United States of America

2008-06-05T06:13:00.000-07:00

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility,
provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and
secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity,
do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States
of America.

Article I

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be
vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist
of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of
members chosen every second year by the people of the several
states, and the electors in each state shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous
branch of the state legislature.

No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained
to the age of twenty five years, and been seven years a citizen
of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an
inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among
the several states which may be included within this union,
according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined
by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those
bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not
taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration
shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the
Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term
of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty
thousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative;
and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New
Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight,
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five,
New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one,
Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina
five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any state,
the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election
to fill such vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and
other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed
of two Senators from each state, chosen by the legislature
thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of
the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be
into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class
shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the
second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the third
class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may
be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation,
or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state,
the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the
next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the
age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United
States and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that
state for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the
Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a
President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President,
or when he shall exercise the office of President of the
United States.

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments.
When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or
affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried,
the Chief Justice shall preside: And no person shall be convicted
without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present.

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than
to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy
any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States: but
the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to
indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.

Section 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections
for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each
state by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any
time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the
places of choosing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and
such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless
they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections,
returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority
of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller
number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to
compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and
under such penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish
its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence
of two thirds, expel a member.

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in
their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the
members of either House on any question shall, at the desire
of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without
the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor
to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a
compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and
paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all
cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be
privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session
of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from
the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they
shall not be questioned in any other place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which
he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the
authority of the United States, which shall have been created,
or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such
time: and no person holding any office under the United States,
shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.

Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the
House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur
with amendments as on other Bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives
and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to
the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign
it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that
House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the
objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider
it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall
agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the
objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be
reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it
shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses
shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the
persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the
journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be
returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted)
after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a
law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress
by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it
shall not be a law.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of
the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary
(except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to
the President of the United States; and before the same shall
take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by
him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of
Representatives, according to the rules and limitations
prescribed in the case of a bill.

Section 8. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect
taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and
provide for the common defense and general welfare of the
United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall
be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the
several states, and with the Indian tribes;

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform
laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin,
and fix the standard of weights and measures;

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities
and current coin of the United States;

To establish post offices and post roads;

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing
for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right
to their respective writings and discoveries;

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the
high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and
make rules concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to
that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

To provide and maintain a navy;

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land
and naval forces;

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws
of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia,
and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the
service of the United States, reserving to the states
respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the
authority of training the militia according to the discipline
prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over
such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by
cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress,
become the seat of the government of the United States, and to
exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent
of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and
other needful buildings;--And

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for
carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other
powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the
United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any
of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall
not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand
eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such
importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the
public safety may require it.

No bill of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in
proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed
to be taken.

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or
revenue to the ports of one state over those of another: nor
shall vessels bound to, or from, one state, be obliged to enter,
clear or pay duties in another.

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence
of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and
account of receipts and expenditures of all public money shall
be published from time to time.

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States:
and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them,
shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any
present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever,
from any king, prince, or foreign state.

Section 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or
confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money;
emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a
tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post
facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or
grant any title of nobility.

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any
imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be
absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection laws: and
the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state
on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of
the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the
revision and control of the Congress.

No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty
of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter
into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a
foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in
such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

Article II

Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a
President of the United States of America. He shall hold his
office during the term of four years, and, together with the
Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows:

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature
thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole
number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may
be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative,
or person holding an office of trust or profit under the
United States, shall be appointed an elector.

The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an
inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall
make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of
votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and
transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President
of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of
Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall
then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes
shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the
whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than
one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes,
then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by
ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a
majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the
President, the votes shall be taken by States, the
representation from each state having one vote; A quorum for
this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall
be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of
the President, the person having the greatest number of votes
of the electors shall be the Vice President. But if there
should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate
shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and
the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be
the same throughout the United States.

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the
United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution,
shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any
person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained
to the age of thirty five years, and been fourteen Years a
resident within the United States.

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of
his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers
and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the
Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the
case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the
President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly,
until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services,
a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished
during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he
shall not receive within that period any other emolument from
the United States, or any of them.

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take
the following oath or affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear
(or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of
President of the United States, and will to the best of my
ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution
of the United States."

Section 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the
Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the
several states, when called into the actual service of the
United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the
principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon
any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices,
and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for
offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators
present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and
all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are
not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established
by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of
such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President
alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that
may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting
commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.

Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress
information of the state of the union, and recommend to their
consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and
expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both
Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between
them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn
them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive
ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that
the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the
officers of the United States.

Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil officers
of the United States, shall be removed from office on
impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other
high crimes and misdemeanors.

Article III

Section 1. The judicial power of the United States, shall be
vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the
Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges,
both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices
during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for
their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished
during their continuance in office.

Section 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law
and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the
United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under
their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty and
maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United
States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more
states;--between a state and citizens of another state;--
between citizens of different states;--between citizens of
the same state claiming lands under grants of different states,
and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign
states, citizens or subjects.

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls, and those in which a state shall be party, the Supreme
Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases
before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions,
and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall
be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the
said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed
within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as
the Congress may by law have directed.

Section 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist
only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their
enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be
convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses
to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of
treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption
of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person
attainted.

Article IV

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state
to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every
other state. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the
manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be
proved, and the effect thereof.

Section 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all
privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other
crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another
state, shall on demand of the executive authority of the state
from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state
having jurisdiction of the crime.

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the
laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of
any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service
or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party
to whom such service or labor may be due.

Section 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this
union; but no new states shall be formed or erected within the
jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the
junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the
consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well
as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all
needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other
property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this
Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims
of the United States, or of any particular state.

Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in
this union a republican form of government, and shall protect
each of them against invasion; and on application of the
legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot
be convened) against domestic violence.

Article V

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or,
on the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the
several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments,
which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes,
as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures
of three fourths of the several states, or by conventions in
three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of
ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that
no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand
eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first
and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article;
and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of
its equal suffrage in the Senate.

Article VI

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the
adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the
United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall
be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which
shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall
be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state
shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws
of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the
members of the several state legislatures, and all executive
and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the
several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to
support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever
be required as a qualification to any office or public trust
under the United States.

Article VII

The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be
sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between
the states so ratifying the same.

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states
present the seventeenth day of September in the year of our
Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven and of the
independence of the United States of America the twelfth.
In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,

G. Washington-Presidt. and deputy from Virginia

New Hampshire: John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman

Massachusetts: Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King

Connecticut: Wm: Saml. Johnson, Roger Sherman

New York: Alexander Hamilton

New Jersey: Wil: Livingston, David Brearly, Wm. Paterson,
Jona: Dayton

Pennsylvania: B. Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robt. Morris,
Geo. Clymer, Thos. FitzSimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson,
Gouv Morris

Delaware: Geo: Read, Gunning Bedford jun, John Dickinson,
Richard Bassett, Jaco: Broom

Maryland: James McHenry, Dan of St Thos. Jenifer, Danl Carroll

Virginia: John Blair--, James Madison Jr.

North Carolina: Wm. Blount, Richd. Dobbs Spaight, Hu Williamson

South Carolina: J. Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney,
Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler

Georgia: William Few, Abr Baldwin

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION IF THE UNITED STATES

Amendment I (1791)

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition
the government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment II (1791)

A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security
of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear
arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment III (1791)

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house,
without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but
in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment IV (1791)

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,
shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
persons or things to be seized.

Amendment V (1791)

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise
infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand
jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces,
or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war
or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the
same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;
nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness
against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor shall private property be
taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment VI (1791)

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right
to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state
and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which
district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and
to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;
to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor,
and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

Amendment VII (1791)

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall
exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
reexamined in any court of the United States, than according
to the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII (1791)

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IX (1791)

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall
not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X (1791)

The powers not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are
reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

Amendment XI (1798)

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed
to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted
against one of the United States by citizens of another state,
or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

Amendment XII (1804)

The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote
by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at
least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with
themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person
voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person
voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons
voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for
each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit
sealed to the seat of the government of the United States,
directed to the President of the Senate;--The President of
the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of
Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall
then be counted;--the person having the greatest number of
votes for President, shall be the President, if such number
be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and
if no person have such majority, then from the persons having
the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those
voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall
choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing
the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the
representation from each state having one vote; a quorum
for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from
two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states
shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of
Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the
right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day
of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act
as President, as in the case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the President. The person
having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall
be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the
whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a
majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the
Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the
purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of
Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary
to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the
office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President
of the United States.

Amendment XIII (1865)

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except
as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any
place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XIV (1868)

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States,
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state
shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges
or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any
state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several
states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole
number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But
when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors
for President and Vice President of the United States,
Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers
of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied
to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one
years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way
abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime,
the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the
proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear
to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age
in such state.

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in
Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold
any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under
any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member
of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a
member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial
officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United
States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against
the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But
Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove
such disability.

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States,
authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of
pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection
or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United
States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation
incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave;
but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held
illegal and void.

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by
appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

Amendment XV (1870)

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XVI (1913)

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on
incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment
among the several states, and without regard to any census
of enumeration.

Amendment XVII (1913)

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for
six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors
in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for
electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the
Senate, the executive authority of such state shall issue writs
of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, that the
legislature of any state may empower the executive thereof
to make temporary appointments until the people fill the
vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the
election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes
valid as part of the Constitution.

Amendment XVIII (1919)

Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this
article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating
liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation
thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

Section 2. The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent
power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the
legislatures of the several states, as provided in the Constitution,
within seven years from the date of the submission hereof
to the states by the Congress.

Amendment XIX (1920)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not
be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on
account of sex.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.

Amendment XX (1933)

Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall
end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of
Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January,
of the years in which such terms would have ended if this
article had not been ratified; and the terms of their
successors shall then begin.

Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every
year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of
January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term
of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice
President elect shall become President. If a President shall not
have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his
term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify,
then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a
President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law
provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a
Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall
then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act
shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until
a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the
death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives
may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have
devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the
persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever
the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day
of October following the ratification of this article.

Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the
legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within
seven years from the date of its submission.

Amendment XXI (1933)

Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the
Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.

Section 2. The transportation or importation into any state,
territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or
use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws
thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
conventions in the several states, as provided in the
Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
submission hereof to the states by the Congress.

Amendment XXII (1951)

Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the
President more than twice, and no person who has held the
office of President, or acted as President, for more than two
years of a term to which some other person was elected President
shall be elected to the office of the President more than once.
But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office
of President when this article was proposed by the Congress,
and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office
of President, or acting as President, during the term within
which this article becomes operative from holding the office of
President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the
legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven
years from the date of its submission to the states by the Congress.

Amendment XXIII (1961)

Section 1. The District constituting the seat of government
of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the
Congress may direct:

A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to
the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to
which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in
no event more than the least populous state; they shall be in
addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be
considered, for the purposes of the election of President and
Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state; and they
shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided
by the twelfth article of amendment.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XXIV (1964)

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote
in any primary or other election for President or Vice President,
for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or
Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any
poll tax or other tax.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XXV (1967)

Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office
or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall
become President.

Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the
Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President
who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of
both Houses of Congress.

Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President
pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to
discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he
transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary,
such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice
President as Acting President.

Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of
either the principal officers of the executive departments
or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives their written
declaration that the President is unable to discharge the
powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall
immediately assume the powers and duties of the office
as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro
tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives his written declaration that no inability
exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office
unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal
officers of the executive department or of such other body as
Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the
President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives their written declaration that the
President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his
office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling
within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session.
If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the
latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session,
within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble,
determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President
is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,
the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as
Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the
powers and duties of his office.

Amendment XXVI (1971)

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who
are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.

Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendments to the Constitution of the United States

2008-06-05T05:29:00.000-07:00

Amendment I (1791)

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition
the government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment II (1791)

A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security
of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear
arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment III (1791)

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house,
without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but
in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment IV (1791)

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,
shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
persons or things to be seized.

Amendment V (1791)

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise
infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand
jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces,
or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war
or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the
same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;
nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness
against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor shall private property be
taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment VI (1791)

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right
to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state
and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which
district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and
to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;
to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor,
and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

Amendment VII (1791)

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall
exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
reexamined in any court of the United States, than according
to the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII (1791)

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IX (1791)

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall
not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X (1791)

The powers not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are
reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

Amendment XI (1798)

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed
to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted
against one of the United States by citizens of another state,
or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

Amendment XII (1804)

The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote
by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at
least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with
themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person
voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person
voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons
voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for
each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit
sealed to the seat of the government of the United States,
directed to the President of the Senate;--The President of
the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of
Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall
then be counted;--the person having the greatest number of
votes for President, shall be the President, if such number
be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and
if no person have such majority, then from the persons having
the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those
voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall
choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing
the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the
representation from each state having one vote; a quorum
for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from
two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states
shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of
Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the
right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day
of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act
as President, as in the case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the President. The person
having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall
be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the
whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a
majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the
Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the
purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of
Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary
to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the
office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President
of the United States.

Amendment XIII (1865)

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except
as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any
place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XIV (1868)

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States,
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state
shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges
or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any
state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several
states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole
number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But
when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors
for President and Vice President of the United States,
Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers
of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied
to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one
years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way
abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime,
the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the
proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear
to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age
in such state.

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in
Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold
any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under
any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member
of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a
member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial
officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United
States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against
the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But
Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove
such disability.

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States,
authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of
pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection
or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United
States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation
incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave;
but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held
illegal and void.

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by
appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

Amendment XV (1870)

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XVI (1913)

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on
incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment
among the several states, and without regard to any census
of enumeration.

Amendment XVII (1913)

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for
six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors
in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for
electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the
Senate, the executive authority of such state shall issue writs
of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, that the
legislature of any state may empower the executive thereof
to make temporary appointments until the people fill the
vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the
election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes
valid as part of the Constitution.

Amendment XVIII (1919)

Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this
article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating
liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation
thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

Section 2. The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent
power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the
legislatures of the several states, as provided in the Constitution,
within seven years from the date of the submission hereof
to the states by the Congress.

Amendment XIX (1920)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not
be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on
account of sex.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.

Amendment XX (1933)

Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall
end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of
Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January,
of the years in which such terms would have ended if this
article had not been ratified; and the terms of their
successors shall then begin.

Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every
year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of
January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term
of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice
President elect shall become President. If a President shall not
have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his
term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify,
then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a
President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law
provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a
Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall
then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act
shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until
a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the
death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives
may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have
devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the
persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever
the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day
of October following the ratification of this article.

Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the
legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within
seven years from the date of its submission.

Amendment XXI (1933)

Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the
Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.

Section 2. The transportation or importation into any state,
territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or
use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws
thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
conventions in the several states, as provided in the
Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
submission hereof to the states by the Congress.

Amendment XXII (1951)

Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the
President more than twice, and no person who has held the
office of President, or acted as President, for more than two
years of a term to which some other person was elected President
shall be elected to the office of the President more than once.
But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office
of President when this article was proposed by the Congress,
and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office
of President, or acting as President, during the term within
which this article becomes operative from holding the office of
President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the
legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven
years from the date of its submission to the states by the Congress.

Amendment XXIII (1961)

Section 1. The District constituting the seat of government
of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the
Congress may direct:

A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to
the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to
which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in
no event more than the least populous state; they shall be in
addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be
considered, for the purposes of the election of President and
Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state; and they
shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided
by the twelfth article of amendment.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XXIV (1964)

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote
in any primary or other election for President or Vice President,
for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or
Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any
poll tax or other tax.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment XXV (1967)

Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office
or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall
become President.

Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the
Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President
who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of
both Houses of Congress.

Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President
pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to
discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he
transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary,
such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice
President as Acting President.

Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of
either the principal officers of the executive departments
or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives their written
declaration that the President is unable to discharge the
powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall
immediately assume the powers and duties of the office
as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro
tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives his written declaration that no inability
exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office
unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal
officers of the executive department or of such other body as
Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the
President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives their written declaration that the
President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his
office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling
within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session.
If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the
latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session,
within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble,
determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President
is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,
the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as
Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the
powers and duties of his office.

Amendment XXVI (1971)

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who
are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.

Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

Make Money With a Newsletter

2008-06-04T07:22:00.000-07:00

HOW TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS WITH
YOUR OWN MONEY - MAKING NEWSLETTER

Writing and publishing a successful newsletter is perhaps the most competitive of all the different areas of mail order and direct marketing.
Five years ago, there were 1500 different newsletters in this country. Today there are well over 10,000, with new ones being started every day. It’s also interesting to note that for every new one that’s started, some disappear just as quickly as they are started - lack of operating capital and marketing know-how being the principal causes of failure.
To be successful with a newsletter, you have to specialize. Your best bet will be with new information on a subject not already covered by an established newsletter. Regardless of the frustrations involved in launching your own newsletter, never forget this truth: There are people from all walks of life, in all parts of this country, many of them with no writing ability whatsoever, who are making incredible profits with simple two-, four-, and six-page newsletters!
Your first step should be to subscribe to as many different newsletters and mail order publications as you can afford. Analyze and study how the others are doing it. Attend as many workshops and seminars on your subject as possible. Learn from the pros. Learn how the successful newsletter publishers are doing it, and why they are making money. Adapt their success methods to your own newsletter, but determine to recognize where they are weak, and to make yours better in every way.
Plan your newsletter before launching it. Know the basic premise for its being, your editorial position, the layout, art work, type styles, subscription price, distribution methods, and every other detail necessary to make it look, sound and feel like the end result you have envisioned.
Lay out your start-up needs; detail the length of time it’s going to take to become established, and what will be involved in becoming established. Set a date as a mile stone of accomplishment for each phase of your development: A date for breaking even, a date for attaining a certain paid subscription figure, and a monetary goal for each of your first five years in business. And all this must be done before publishing your first issue.
Most newsletter publishers do all the work themselves, and are impatient to get that first issue into print. As a result, they neglect to devote the proper amount of time to market research and distribution. Don’t start your newsletter with out first having accomplished this task!
Market research is simply determining who the people are who will be interested in buying and reading your newsletter, and the kind of information these people want to see in your newsletter as a reason for continuing to buy it. You have to determine what it is they want from your newsletter.
Your market research must give you unbiased answers about your newsletter’s capabilities of fulfilling your prospective buyer’s need for information; how much he’s willing to pay for it, and an overall profile of his status in life. The questions of why he needs your information, and how he’ll use it should be answered. Make sure you have the answers to these questions, publish your newsletter as a vehicle of fulfillment to these needs, and you’re on your way!
You’re going to be in trouble unless your newsletter has a real point of difference that can be easily perceived by your prospective buyer. The design and graphics of your newsletter, plus what you say and how you say it, will help in giving your newsletter this vital difference.
Be sure your newsletter works with the personality you’re trying to build for it. Make sure it reflects the wants of your subscribers. Include your advertising promise within the heading, on the title page, and in the same words your advertising uses. And above all else, don’t skip on design or graphics!
The name of your newsletter should also help to set it apart from similar news letters, and spell out its advertising promise. A good name reinforces your advertising. Choose a name that defines the direction and scope of your newsletter. Opportunity Knocking, Money Making Magic, Extra Income Tip Sheet, and Mail Order Up-Date are prime examples of this type of philosophy - as opposed to the Johnson Report, The Association Newsletter, or Club-house Confidential.
Try to make your newsletter’s name memorable - one that flows automatically. Don’t pick a name that’s so vague it could apply to almost anything. The name should identify your newsletter and its subject quickly and positively.
Pricing your newsletter should be consistent with the image you’re trying to build. If you’re starting a “Me-too” newsletter, never price it above the competition. In most instances, the consumer associates higher prices with quality, so if you give your readers better quality information in an expensive looking package, don’t hesitate to ask for a premium price. However, if your information is gathered from most of the other newsletters on the subject, you will do well to keep your prices in line with theirs.
One of the best selling points of a newsletter is in the degree of audience involvement - for instance, how much it talks about, and uses the names of its readers. People like to see things written about themselves. They resort to all kinds of things to get their names in print, and they pay big money to read what’s been written about them. You should understand this facet of human nature, and decide if and how you want to capitalize upon it - then plan your newsletter accordingly.
Almost as important as names in your newsletter are pictures. The readers will generally accept a newsletter faster if the publisher’s picture is presented or included as a part of the newsletter. Whether you use pictures of the people, events, locations or products you write about is a policy decision; but the use of pictures will set your publication apart from the others and give it an individual image, which is precisely what you want.
The decision as to whether to carry paid advertising, and if so, how much, is another policy decision that should be made while your newsletter is still in the planning stages. Some purists feel that advertising corrupts the image of the newsletter and may influence editorial policy. Most people accept advertising as a part of everyday life, and don’t care one way or the other.
Many newsletter publishers, faced with rising production costs and viewing advertising as a means of offsetting those costs, welcome paid advertising. Generally the advertisers see the newsletter as a vehicle to a captive audience, and well worth the cost.
The only problem with accepting advertising in your newsletter would appear to be that as your circulation grows, so will your number of advertisers, until you’ll have to increase the size of your newsletter to accommodate the advertisers. At this point, the basic premise or philosophy of the newsletter often changes from news and practical information to one of an advertiser’s showcase.
Promoting your newsletter, finding prospective buyers and converting these prospects into loyal subscribers, will be the most difficult task of your entire undertaking. It takes detailed planning, persistence and patience.
You’ll need a sales letter. Check the sales letters you receive in the mail; analyze how these are written and pattern yours along the same lines. You’ll find all of them - all those worthy of being called sales letters - following the same formula: Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action on the part of the reader - AIDA.
Jump right in at the beginning and tell the reader how he’s going to benefit from your newsletter, and then keep emphasizing right on through your “PS”, the many and different benefits he’ll gain from subscribing to your newsletter. Elaborate on your listing of benefits with examples of what you have, or you intend to include, in your newsletter. Follow these examples with endorsements or testimonials from reviewers and satisfied subscribers. Make the recipient of your sales letter feel that you’re offering him the answer to all his problems on the subject of your newsletter.
You have to make your prospect feel that “this is the insider’s secret” to the success he wants. Present it to him as his own personal key to success, and then tell him how far behind his contemporaries he is going to be if he doesn’t act upon your offer immediately.
Always include a “PS” in your sales letter. This should quickly restate to the reader that he can start enjoying the benefits of your newsletter by acting immediately, and very subtly suggesting that he may not get another chance to get the kind of “success help” you’re offering him with this sales letter.
Don’t worry about the length of your sales letter - most are four pages or more; however, it must flow logically and smoothly. Use short sentences, short paragraphs, indented paragraphs, and lots of sub-heads for the people who will be “scanning through” your sales letter.
In addition to the sales letter, your promotion package should include a return reply order card or coupon. This can be either a self-addressed business reply post card, or a separate coupon, in which case you’ll have to include a self-addressed return reply envelope. In every mailing piece you send out, always include one or the other: either a self-addressed business reply postcard or a self-addressed return reply envelope for the recipient to use to send your order form and his remittance back to you.
Your best response will come from a business reply postcard on which you allow your prospect to charge the subscription to his credit card, request that you bill him, or send his payment with the subscription start order. For make up of this subscription order card or coupon, simply start saving all the order cards and coupons you receive during the next month or so. Choose the one you like best, modify according to your needs, and have it typeset, pasted up and border fit.
Next, you’ll need a Subscription Order Acknowledgment card or letter. This is simply a short note thanking your new subscriber for his order, and promising to keep him up-to-date with everything relating to the subject of your newsletter.
An acknowledgment letter, in an envelope, will cost more postage to mail than a simple postcard; however, when you send the letter you have to opportunity to enclose additional material. A circular listing other items available through you will produce additional orders.
Thus far, you’ve prepared the layout and copy for your newsletter. Go ahead and have a hundred copies printed, undated. You’ve written a sales letter and prepared a return reply subscription order card or coupon; go ahead and have a hundred of these printed, also undated, of course. You’ll need letterhead mailing envelopes, and don’t forget the return reply envelopes if you choose to use the coupons instead of the business reply postcard. Go ahead and have a thousand mailing envelopes printed. You also need subscription order acknowledgment cards or notes; have a hundred of these printed, and of course, don’t forget the imprinted reply envelopes if you’re going along with the idea of using a note instead of a postcard. This will be a basic supply for “testing” your materials so far. Now you’re ready for the big move - the Advertising Campaign.
Start by placing a small classified ad in one of your local newspapers. You should place your ad in a weekend or Sunday paper that will reach as many people as possible, and of course, do everything you can to keep your costs as low as possible. How ever, do not skimp on your advertising budget. To be successful - to make as much money as possible with your idea - you’ll need to reach as many people as you can afford, and as often as you can.
Over the years, we have launched several hundred advertising campaigns. We always ran new ads for a minimum of three issues and kept close tabs on the returns. So long as the returns kept coming in, we continued running that ad in that publication, while adding a new publication to test for results. To our way of thinking, this is the best way to go, regardless of the product, to successfully multiply your customer list.
Move slowly, start with a local, far-reaching and widely read paper, and with the prof its or returns from that ad, go to the regional magazines, or one of the smaller national magazines, and continue plowing your returns into more advertising in different publications.
By taking your time, and building your acceptance in this manner, you won’t lose too much if one of your ads should prove to be a dud. Stay with the advertising. Do not abandon it in favor of direct mail. We would not recommend direct mail until you are well established and your national classified advertising pro gram is bringing in a healthy profit for you.
Do not become overly ambitious and go out on a limb with expensive full-page advertising until you’re very well established. When you do buy full page advertising, start with the smaller publications, and build from those results. Have patience; keep close tabs on your costs per subscriber, and build from the profits of your advertising. Always test the advertising medium you want to use with a classified ad, and if it pulls well for you, go on to a larger display type ad.
Classified advertising is the least expensive way to go, so long as you use the “inquiry method.” You can easily and quickly build your subscriber list with this type of advertisement.
We would not recommend any attempts to sell subscriptions, or any product from classified ads, or even from small display ads. There just isn’t enough space to describe the product adequately, and seeing the cost of your item, many possible subscribers will not bother to inquire for the full story.
When you do expand your efforts into direct mail, go straight to a national list broker. You can find their names and addresses in the yellow pages section of your local telephone directory. Show the list broker your product and your mailing piece, and explain what type people you want to reach, and allow them to help you.
Once you’ve decided on a list to use, go slowly. Start with a sampling of 5,000 names. If the returns are favorable, go for 10,000 names, and then 15,000 and so on through the entire list. Never rent the entire list based upon the returns from your first couple of samplings. The variables are just too many, and too complicated, and too conducive to your losing your shirt when you “roll out an entire list” based upon returns from a controlled sampling.
There are a number of other methods for finding new subscribers, which we’ll explore for you here, detailing the good and the bad as we have researched them.
One method is that of contracting with what is known as a “cash-field” agency. These are soliciting agencies who hire people to sell door-to-door and via the phone, almost always using a high pressure sales approach. The publisher usually makes only about 5% from each subscription sold by one of these agencies. That speaks for itself. Then, there are several major catalog sales companies that sell subscriptions to school libraries, government agencies and large corporations. These people usually buy through these catalog sales companies rather than direct from the publisher. The publisher makes about 10% on each subscription sold for him by one of these agencies.
Co-op Mailings are generally piggy-back mailings of your subscription offer along with numerous other business offers in the same envelope. Smaller mail order entrepreneurs do this under the name of Big Mail Offers. Coming into vogue now are the Postcard Mailers. You submit your offer on a business reply postcard; the packager then prints and mails your postcard in a package with 40 or 50 similar postcards via third class mail to a mailing list that could number 100,000 or more. You pay a premium price for this type of mailing - usually $1000 to $1500 per mailing, but the returns are very good and you keep all the incoming money.
Another form of co-op mailing is where you supply a charge card company or department store with your subscription offer as a “statement mailing offer.” Your offer goes out with the monthly statements; new subscriptions are returned to the mailer and billed to the customer’s charge card. The publisher usually makes about 50% on each subscription. This is one of the most lucrative, but expensive methods of bringing in new customers.
Direct mail agencies such as Publishers Clearing House can be a very lucrative source of new subscriptions, in that they mail out more than 60 million pieces of mail each year, all of which are built around an opportunity for the recipient to win a gigantic cash sweepstakes. The only problem with this type of subscription agency is the very low percentage of the total subscription price the publisher receives from these subscriptions, plus the fact that the publishers are required to charge a lower subscription rate than they normally charge.
There are also several agencies that offer Introductory, Sample Copy and Trial Subscription offers, such as Select Information Exchange and Publisher Exchange. With this kind of agency, details about your publication are listed along with similar publications, in full page ads inviting the readers to send $10 or $20 for trial subscription to those of his choice. The publishers received no money from these inquiries - only a list of names of people interested in receiving trial s ubscriptions. How the publisher follows up and is able to convert these into full term, and paying subscribers is entirely dependent upon his own efforts.
Most major newspapers will carry small, lightweight brochures or oversized reply cards as inserts in their Sunday papers. The publisher supplies the total number of inserts, pays the newspaper $20 per thousand for the number of newspapers he wants his order form carried in, and then retains all the money generated. But the high costs of printing the inserts, plus the $20 per thousand for distribution, make this an extremely costly method of obtaining new subscribers.
Schools, civic groups and other fund raising organizations work in about the same manner as the cash-field agencies. They supply the solicitor and the publisher gets 25% or less for each new subscription sold.
Attempting to sell subscriptions via radio or TV is very expensive and works better in generating sales at the newsstands than new subscriptions. PI (Per Inquiry) sales is a very popular way of getting radio or TV exposure and advertising for your newsletter or other publication, but again, the number of sales brought in by the broad cast media is very small when compared with the number of times the “invitation commercial” has to be “aired” to elicit a response.
A new idea beginning to surface on the cable TV scene is “Products Shows”. This is the kind of show where the originator of the product or his representative appears on TV and gives a complete sales presentation lasting from five minutes to 15 minutes. Overall, these programs generally run between midnight and 2 AM, with the whole program a series of sales presentations for different products. They operate on the basis of the product owner paying a fee to appear and show his product, and also from an arrangement where the product owner pays a certain percentage from each sale generated from this exposure.
Newsletter publishers often run exchange publicity endorsement with non-competing publishers. Generally, these endorsements invite the reader of newsletter “A” to send for a sample copy of newsletter “B” for a look at what somebody else is going that might be of especial help, etc. This can be a very good source of new subscriptions, and certainly the least expensive.
Running ads in the Mail Order Ad Sheets is not very productive, either in terms of inquiries or sales. About the best thing that can be said of most of these ad sheets (and there seems to be a million of them with new ones cropping up faster than you can count them) is that your ad in several of them will let other people in on what you’re doing. You will be able to keep track of a lot of the people trying to make a place for themselves in the mail order field.
Last, but not least, is the enlistment of your own subscribers to send you names of people they think might be interested in receiving a sample copy of your publication. Some publishers ask their readers to pass along these names out of loyalty, while others offer a monetary incentive or a special bonus for names of people sent in who be come subscribers.
By studying and understanding the information in this report, you should encounter fewer serious problems in launching your own successful specialized newsletter that will be the source of ongoing monetary rewards for you. However, there is an important point to remember about doing business by mail - particularly within the confines of selling information by mail - that is, Mail Order is ONLY another way of doing business. You have to learn all there is to know about this way of doing business, and then keep on learning, changing, observing and adapting to stay on top.
The best way of learning about and keeping up with this field of endeavor is by buying and reading books by the people who have succeeded in making money via the mails; by subscribing to several of the better periodic journals and aids to people in mail order, and by joining some of the mail order trade associations for a free exchange of ideas, advice and help.

PS: GOOD LUCK IN YOUR NEW ADVENTURE
The Folks At Custom Marketing